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            <title><![CDATA[Mark Tilbury 的金钱习惯 20 多岁如何管好第一份收入]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/mark-tilbury-money-management</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Mark Tilbury 的工资管理方法从区分需要与想要开始，再处理应急储蓄、高息债务和长期目标。对 20 多岁的人，最实用的做法是先算清真实现金流，再制定适合自己的顺序，不照抄视频里的固定比例。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3dc2931bceef817aaff3e046d4f11acb"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3dc2931bceef813eb0f3eecda3796c62" data-id="3dc2931bceef813eb0f3eecda3796c62"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef813eb0f3eecda3796c62" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef813eb0f3eecda3796c62" title="Mark Tilbury 的金钱习惯 20 多岁如何管好第一份收入"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Mark Tilbury 的金钱习惯 20 多岁如何管好第一份收入</span></span></span></h2><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3dc2931bceef81398be7cd25f8b08ea1"><div><span class="notion-default">Mark Tilbury 的工资管理方法从区分需要与想要开始，再处理应急储蓄、高息债务和长期目标。对 20 多岁的人，最实用的做法是先算清真实现金流，再制定适合自己的顺序，不照抄视频里的固定比例。</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef819ba8a2dcfc1262a32b" data-id="3dc2931bceef819ba8a2dcfc1262a32b"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef819ba8a2dcfc1262a32b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef819ba8a2dcfc1262a32b" title="第一份工资为什么很快消失？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第一份工资为什么很快消失？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81d29e97ff8f4a21a1ca"><span class="notion-default">收入到账后，人很容易先安排消费，月底再看能剩多少。Mark Tilbury 在《Do This EVERY Time You Get Paid》中先区分需要与想要，算出维持生活的最低开销，然后才谈应急资金、债务和投资。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef8142b4e4d3b905766da6"><span class="notion-default">这样做的好处很实际。工资到账时先留出生活费和必须偿还的钱，剩下多少一眼就能看见。视频里的百分比只能当示范。住在宿舍的人和独自租房的人开支不同，需要支援家庭时又是另一种情况。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81b78464d18f4553ed0e" data-id="3dc2931bceef81b78464d18f4553ed0e"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81b78464d18f4553ed0e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81b78464d18f4553ed0e" title="先找出财务基线"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">先找出财务基线</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81ab9b1cc8494861a1cd"><span class="notion-default">财务基线是一个月维持正常生活所需的最低金额，包括住房、通勤、基本饮食、通信和必须偿还的债务。它应来自账单和支付记录，而不是凭印象估算。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef819fbcf4f6ed8d1841d7"><span class="notion-default">Mark 在视频第 58 秒开始讨论需要与想要，并建议观众翻看过去的支出。美国消费者金融保护局的[支出评估工具](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/owning-a-home/prepare/assess-your-spending/)也要求使用者保留记录，把不定期支出算进预算，再与税后收入比较。做预算之前，先把钱去了哪里查清楚。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81b48093f8de13632199" data-id="3dc2931bceef81b48093f8de13632199"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81b48093f8de13632199" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81b48093f8de13632199" title="工资视频里的具体顺序"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">工资视频里的具体顺序</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3dc2931bceef8118be46f6bae8882a5b"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>原始内容</b></span><span class="notion-default">　Do This EVERY Time You Get Paid</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3dc2931bceef814db9cee044cad0efb9"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>关键时间点</b></span><span class="notion-default">　第 58 秒区分需要与想要，第 4 分 52 秒讨论安全储备，第 7 分 42 秒讨论债务，第 10 分 55 秒进入长期投资</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3dc2931bceef8156a8d4de8707e5b804"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>主要内容</b></span><span class="notion-default">　收入到账后先按用途分配，避免随手消费占掉原本准备储蓄或还债的钱</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3dc2931bceef81bf955dfe2b3235ba66"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>商业关系</b></span><span class="notion-default">　视频说明区含 Trading 212 推广和联盟披露</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3dc2931bceef8105a8c6e5154a6dd2eb"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>阅读提醒</b></span><span class="notion-default">　英国 ISA、美国 Roth IRA 等账户有地区限制，分配比例也要按个人收支调整</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81958aaef9d6d4e3ea7a" data-id="3dc2931bceef81958aaef9d6d4e3ea7a"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81958aaef9d6d4e3ea7a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81958aaef9d6d4e3ea7a" title="工资到账后按什么顺序处理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">工资到账后按什么顺序处理</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81cbbf64f7cd9f8de003"><span class="notion-default">先保住当月必须支付的费用。随后建立能随时取用的应急储备，再检查信用卡或消费贷等高息债务。完成这些工作后，才研究期限更长、价格会波动的投资。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81259805e75492c7daa1"><span class="notion-default">这套做法不会让人迅速变富，却能减少一次意外对当月生活的冲击。CFPB 面向年轻人的[储蓄资料](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/money-as-you-grow/teen-young-adult/explore-saving/)同样建议记录实际支出，并准备一笔随时可取的应急资金。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81c7b737da026f5ef6ba" data-id="3dc2931bceef81c7b737da026f5ef6ba"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81c7b737da026f5ef6ba" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81c7b737da026f5ef6ba" title="连续记七天账"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">连续记七天账</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef811a8c24f24a2a64625b"><span class="notion-default">连续七天记录每笔支出，不改变消费习惯，以免得到失真的样本。每天只标记三类。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3dc2931bceef8172a17efd22c5455786" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">必须支付的生活费用。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3dc2931bceef81afba04d94c7c60fe3b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">主动选择的非必要消费。</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3dc2931bceef81aa9e8cfbb9605a3d4a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">被忽略的订阅、手续费和利息。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef8130914fc921ce2e1cf0"><span class="notion-default">第七天算出日均支出，找出一项可以取消的固定费用，再定一笔负担得起的自动储蓄金额。收入不固定时，可以按每次到账金额留出一部分，同时先保住最低生活费。这一周只检查两件事，记录有没有漏项，下一次发薪时能不能照新安排执行。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3dc2931bceef8198aaf6cc2d25a7f522" data-id="3dc2931bceef8198aaf6cc2d25a7f522"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef8198aaf6cc2d25a7f522" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef8198aaf6cc2d25a7f522" title="常见问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">常见问题</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81c7ad8acbddfe64e43d" data-id="3dc2931bceef81c7ad8acbddfe64e43d"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81c7ad8acbddfe64e43d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81c7ad8acbddfe64e43d" title="工资应该按固定比例分配吗？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">工资应该按固定比例分配吗？</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81aaad3cf7190b1284ad"><span class="notion-default">固定比例可以作为检查表，不能代替真实预算。住房成本较高或收入不稳定时，应先保证基本生活和偿债。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81e59f7bcd4b38fb62d2" data-id="3dc2931bceef81e59f7bcd4b38fb62d2"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81e59f7bcd4b38fb62d2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81e59f7bcd4b38fb62d2" title="应急资金应该放在哪里？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">应急资金应该放在哪里？</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef811aa66ad1db118df05a"><span class="notion-default">它需要安全、容易取用，并与日常消费账户适度分开。具体产品要查看所在地的存款保障、费用和提款条件。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3dc2931bceef81e0af9bd784281a3242" data-id="3dc2931bceef81e0af9bd784281a3242"><span><div id="3dc2931bceef81e0af9bd784281a3242" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3dc2931bceef81e0af9bd784281a3242" title="记账是否等于限制所有娱乐？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">记账是否等于限制所有娱乐？</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef8199ba3bf38c84eaa489"><span class="notion-default">记账负责显示选择的代价。娱乐可以进入预算，只要没有挤占必要开支和已经确定的目标。能够长期执行的预算，需要给正常生活留出余地。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81e7b98cf98e1c55aa6a"><span class="notion-default">返回 [Mark Tilbury 系列总览](01-Mark-Tilbury是谁.md)，或继续阅读 [Mark Tilbury 的投资方法](03-Mark-Tilbury的投资方法.md)。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3dc2931bceef8167974dc096d454f442"/><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dc2931bceef81e59479f755a9e6f330"><span class="notion-default"><b>资料来源</b></span><span class="notion-default">　Mark Tilbury 工资管理视频；[CFPB 支出评估](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/owning-a-home/prepare/assess-your-spending/)；[CFPB 年轻人储蓄资料](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/money-as-you-grow/teen-young-adult/explore-saving/)。</span></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[（傅学顺）数学思维基本修养，问题转化与合理性检验]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/math-fundamental</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/math-fundamental</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[数学思维的基本修养在于把题目转化为可处理的数学结构，先判断寻求题、证明题或选择题，再通过合理性检验、语言与逻辑转化、联想构造和解后复盘形成解题路径，傅学顺《数学才能的培养》提供系统框架。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2042931bceef80148eebfc7ac8cb6b6b"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81a0a4d3e7ae1c5620bf" data-id="3ec2931bceef81a0a4d3e7ae1c5620bf"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81a0a4d3e7ae1c5620bf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81a0a4d3e7ae1c5620bf" title="关于数学思维的基本修养"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">关于数学思维的基本修养</span></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81f398e6ef42e3b3648a"><span class="notion-default">数学思维的基本修养，是把题目转化为可处理的数学结构，并通过推理、联想、检验和复盘形成解题路径。本文围绕问题识别、合理性检验、语言与逻辑转化、知识联想、构造有用事实、识别模型和解后总结，整理一套可练习的解题方法。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81089420c9c8d67ca070"><span class="notion-default"><b>来源说明：</b></span><span class="notion-default">本文围绕傅学顺、王屏山编著的《数学才能的培养》（暨南大学出版社，1991 年 9 月）相关内容作阅读整理，并加入例题讲解。书中观点、直接引文与本文的改写或补充应予区分。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81a49422dd004cacbea6" data-id="3ec2931bceef81a49422dd004cacbea6"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81a49422dd004cacbea6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81a49422dd004cacbea6" title="(一)根据问题的目标和问题的结构，迅速确定其类型，区分其主要部分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(一)根据问题的目标和问题的结构，迅速确定其类型，区分其主要部分</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81248abcc98e6ceb7d5d" data-id="3ec2931bceef81248abcc98e6ceb7d5d"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81248abcc98e6ceb7d5d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81248abcc98e6ceb7d5d" title="① 寻求题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">① 寻求题</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8157a377f42c30be00d5"><span class="notion-default">其目标是寻求数、图形、集合、不等式、方程、函数等等。 其主要部分是未知、已知，以及未知和已知的关系——条件；条件一般又由若干款组成。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81e497edf004d7d9c260" data-id="3ec2931bceef81e497edf004d7d9c260"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81e497edf004d7d9c260" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81e497edf004d7d9c260" title="② 证明题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">② 证明题</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81eaa3bdcec7b2538d17"><span class="notion-default">其目标是判断命题的真假。 其主要部分是假设和结论，即充分条件和必要条件。假设一般也由若干款组成。 这是广义的&quot;寻求题&quot;，寻求把结论和假设联系起来的逻辑链。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81a3b0ccee3b0b3f4ba2" data-id="3ec2931bceef81a3b0ccee3b0b3f4ba2"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81a3b0ccee3b0b3f4ba2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81a3b0ccee3b0b3f4ba2" title="③ 选择题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">③ 选择题</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81e394d0dade39eea372"><span class="notion-default">其目标是指定集合内的一个元素作为答案。 其主要部分是假设、结论的选择体系，（或已知条件，未知的选择体系）加上填空处。 这是介于寻求题和证明题之间的问题，既可以归入前者，又可以转化为后者。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81658441d473a5e4163c"><span class="notion-default">确定问题的类型，目的在于：判断该问题是否已经化成数学问题，在结构上又属于哪类数学问题，从而确定解题的目标和出发点。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef817f9063eb17f28a5209"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 1】（寻求题与结构剖析）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：已知实数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 满足方程 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的值。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>类型识别</b></span><span class="notion-default">：此题为</span><span class="notion-default"><b>寻求题</b></span><span class="notion-default">（目标是求出未知数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">）。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>结构剖析</b></span><span class="notion-default">：未知量有两个（</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">），但已知条件仅有一个二次方程。按常规多元方程组来看条件似乎不足，但分析其结构特征发现：方程包含二次项、一次项与常数项，这提示我们可以通过</span><span class="notion-default"><b>配方</b></span><span class="notion-default">，将已知结构转化为非负数之和的形式。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 将原方程按 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分组配方： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 因为对于任意实数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，均有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。要使两非负数之和为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，必须且只需满足： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef8117a808f8ba7b689550"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81059834d41aa542edbd" data-id="3ec2931bceef81059834d41aa542edbd"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81059834d41aa542edbd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81059834d41aa542edbd" title="(二)初探问题的合理性"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(二)初探问题的合理性</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef816ea2a2e802b1ba804f"><span class="notion-default">① 检查假设各款本身的合理性，或确定合理之范围，比如先求函数定义域备用。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8115bed3cd9a07187d87"><span class="notion-default">② 检查假设各款之间、结论各款之间是否相容。从前一种不相容，可以判断命题不合理。但从第二种不相容，只能判定命题部分不合理。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8106bff8d8a31724ddae"><span class="notion-default">③ 用特殊化手法（包括赋特殊值）或极限手法，检查命题成立与否。此举虽然不能判断命题为真，但可以增强信心；偶尔可以判断命题为假，并造出反例。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81b99c1ac61965c58529"><span class="notion-default">初探合理性，好处在于：避免在无意义的问题上浪费精力（如抄错题），增强解题信心，甚至取得有用的解题信息。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef81c99f41f3cdfedddfd5"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 2】（初探合理性与特殊值检验）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，求证：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>合理性初探（特殊化手法）</b></span><span class="notion-default">：在展开复杂的三角恒等变形前，先赋予特殊值来检查命题是否合理。取正三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 计算结果恰好等于右端的边界值，说明这个特殊情形与所猜测的上界相符，也提示我们在证明中关注对称性。特殊值检验只能帮助检查猜想，不能代替一般性证明。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 利用三角形内角和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。原式左边化为： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 由于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，并且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，右侧为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。其平方为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 取最大值 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，故原式不超过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。等号要求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，因此当且仅当 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 时取等号。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef8114bee5ca9423817eba"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81a9a91dce7f5e119fa3" data-id="3ec2931bceef81a9a91dce7f5e119fa3"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81a9a91dce7f5e119fa3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81a9a91dce7f5e119fa3" title="(三)用自己的语言复述问题（从语言上转化问题）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(三)用自己的语言复述问题（从语言上转化问题）</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81f3b7cce35c11f28e5b"><span class="notion-default">① 尽量用代数、几何、三角、微积分等的术语和符号，把问题的主要部分阐述出来。接着，把问题标准化，以便于联想有关定理和公式，也可以避免乱用定理或公式。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81a0b6f5c77f10d88caa"><span class="notion-default">② 回到命题中诸概念的定义上来，尽量把有关元素引出来。这种&quot;翻译&quot;，有助于深刻理解问题，有助于猜到解法属何种类型。新元素的引入，则有助于联想定理、公式或模型。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef81899c30c7261336be94"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 3】（从语言与概念定义上转化）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：已知正数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 满足 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，求证：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>语言转化（翻译为向量术语）</b></span><span class="notion-default">：回到空间向量内积的定义上来，将代数式“翻译”为向量点积的几何形式。 - 设向量 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，向量 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - 原问题中的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 恰好是两向量的数量积 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；已知条件 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 则是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。问题标准化为“求向量点积的上界”。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 由柯西不等式（向量数量积公式 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">）得： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 将已知条件 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 代入上式： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 两边开平方即得：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。当且仅当 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 时等号成立。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef817fb16ed5494a7032a7"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef813189dac4b6adb932e5" data-id="3ec2931bceef813189dac4b6adb932e5"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef813189dac4b6adb932e5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef813189dac4b6adb932e5" title="(四)从逻辑上转化问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(四)从逻辑上转化问题</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef817393b9d8747b2f6f4f"><span class="notion-default">① 对于证明题，写出其逆否命题，因为有些问题，后者较易引起联想和进行论证。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef813e822cc68891be2aa0"><span class="notion-default">② 对于证明题，猜测其逆命题成立，并试图证明之，往往有助于原命题的解决。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8106a197f47fc35b04fe"><span class="notion-default">③ 对于寻求题包括选择题，利用极限手法或特殊化手法，比较准确地猜出要求的东西，从而把原问题实际转化为证明题。这样转化出来的证明题，总比原问题容易解决，因为它有了确定的目标。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef81328349c9eaba1bd2a8"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 4】（写出逆否命题以简化逻辑）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：已知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为实数，求证：若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是无理数，则 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中至少有一个是无理数。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>逻辑转化（逆否命题）</b></span><span class="notion-default">：原命题的结论包含否定词“至少有一个是无理数”，直接证明需要分多项讨论，较为繁琐。 - 写出其</span><span class="notion-default"><b>等价的逆否命题</b></span><span class="notion-default">：“若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都是有理数，则 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是有理数。” - 转化后的命题条件明确（</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 均为有理数），结论肯定（</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是有理数），逻辑推理路径极为清晰。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 证明逆否命题：设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 均为有理数，根据有理数的定义，可设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">（其中 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 均为整数，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">）。 两数相加得： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 因为整数的乘积与和仍为整数，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 均为整数，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。根据定义，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 必为有理数。 逆否命题获证，故原命题成立。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef81dfb942c974a758c1cf"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef811c8686e668d3fb3c67" data-id="3ec2931bceef811c8686e668d3fb3c67"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef811c8686e668d3fb3c67" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef811c8686e668d3fb3c67" title="(五)联想有关知识"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(五)联想有关知识</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef819c8c53f9ce2c45c027"><span class="notion-default">① 盯住本问题的结论，联想与本问题有相同结论的定理或解过的问题。想到了，就探索该定理或老问题的假设是否可由本问题的假设推出来。——列为辅助问题。这就导致简单的追溯型分析过程的开始。（请读者自行画出这种联想的示意图）</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef810d8430e35a5f93504c"><span class="notion-default">② 盯住本问题的假设，联想与本问题有相同假设的定理或老问题。想到了，就探索本问题的结论是否成立，是否可由该定理或老问题的结论推出来。——列为辅助问题。这就导致简单的后进型分析过程的开始。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81318d71ddda33f3e6ef"><span class="notion-default">③ 联想有关知识，既把本问题的假设转化，进行推理，又把其结论转化（尽量采用等价转化），进行推理，看两个转化能否达到同一中间结果。这就导致混合型分析过程的开始。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8196af91c0ef7ea39744"><span class="notion-default">④ 与本问题有任何公共部分的定理或老问题，都可以作为联想的对象，以便从中得到有益的启示，从而开拓解题的思路。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef816baa5cc55069debecc"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 5】（盯住结论与假设的追溯/后进型联想）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为三边长，求证：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>盯住假设</b></span><span class="notion-default">：已知条件是“</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为三角形三边”。联想关于三角形三边的基本定理——</span><span class="notion-default"><b>三角形任意两边之差小于第三边</b></span><span class="notion-default">，即 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>追溯联想</b></span><span class="notion-default">：结论展开后为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，即 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。这与从假设联想到的定理高度契合！于是确定解题方向：从三边关系定理出发，通过两边平方引出结论。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 由三角形三边关系可知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。两边平方得： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 同理可得： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 将 ①、②、③ 三式左右分别相加： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 两边同时减去 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，整理即得： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef8135a1b0d2456f031164"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef815ea38fd9c12669287a" data-id="3ec2931bceef815ea38fd9c12669287a"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef815ea38fd9c12669287a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef815ea38fd9c12669287a" title="(六)推出有用的事实"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(六)推出有用的事实</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef8116957ce9cc703f5214" data-id="3ec2931bceef8116957ce9cc703f5214"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef8116957ce9cc703f5214" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef8116957ce9cc703f5214" title="基本方法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">基本方法</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8159ad71c7ee7b501d83"><span class="notion-default">① 利用本命题的结论，进行推理，引出对本问题有用的事实，乃至本问题的假设（追溯型分析之变种）。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81d7af03d1e3ab26e1e3"><span class="notion-default">② 把本问题的假设和结论合起来，进行一连串的推理，引出有用的信息，展开构造性探索。这就导致构造型分析过程的开始。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef815da9a2ee24565b1b13"><span class="notion-default">前一种，避免了（五）① 中进行联想的许多麻烦，却加强了探索的分量。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81aaac5cc714128fcb75"><span class="notion-default">后一种，造出了&quot;前所未有&quot;的新问题，它与原问题的假设和结论都有相同成分。也避免了（五）①、② 中进行联想的许多麻烦，并且大大加强了探索的分量。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81ee9160f1662a6f0c8d" data-id="3ec2931bceef81ee9160f1662a6f0c8d"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81ee9160f1662a6f0c8d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81ee9160f1662a6f0c8d" title="进阶策略"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">进阶策略</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81b69a58cd8b625e2e45"><span class="notion-default">③ 利用本问题的假设，进行一系列推理，在推理结果中择优；取觉得最有希望引向本问题的结论者，把其他结果铭记在心，备用。这种多中择优，往往导致复杂的前进型分析的开始。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81448492e841300302ab"><span class="notion-default">④ 用极限手法、特殊化手法、归纳法等，推出有用的信息。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81ca9702c0996651ab8a"><span class="notion-default">⑤ 用类比手法找到解过的老问题，由老问题的解法猜测本问题的解法轮廓。换言之，类似的老问题及其解法，是一种很独特的解题信息。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81639b40d49ea76038c5"><span class="notion-default">有了好信息，便容易拟出初步的解题计划，其中每步都含有构造性活动。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3ec2931bceef810282b5c713ec001a2e" data-id="3ec2931bceef810282b5c713ec001a2e"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef810282b5c713ec001a2e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef810282b5c713ec001a2e" title="重要原则"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">重要原则</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef810b8a8bc07094080bf4"><span class="notion-default">⑥ 要习惯于从结论（或加上假设）起步。对于适合追溯分析的问题，从结论起步（追溯型、构造型、混合型）可能比单纯从假设向前推更有效。一些学习者容易停留在前进型分析；如果推理无法继续，可以尝试转化目标或引入新表示。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81f78c2ffea9e48d2372"><span class="notion-default">⑦ 推理常常先从最不顺眼，觉得最尴尬的地方下手，因为它往往是编题者故意&quot;拐弯&quot;，加大难度之处。转化的技巧在于反其道而行，&quot;拐&quot;回原出发点，即熟悉的地方，以便建立联想。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef818089b3cc2c9bef35ca"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 6】（从最尴尬处下手与“反拐弯”换元）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：解方程 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>寻找尴尬之处</b></span><span class="notion-default">：本题中最不顺眼、最令人尴尬的结构是根号下嵌套着嵌套根号 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。直接平方会导致四次双重根号，无法前进。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>反拐弯策略</b></span><span class="notion-default">：出题人故意在此“拐弯”。反其道而行之，设这个最尴尬的整体为新变量：令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> (</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">)，则 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - 观察换元后的根式内部：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">！复杂的双重根号立刻化开！ - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> (</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">)，则 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。原方程变形为： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 利用绝对值的几何意义：数轴上点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的距离之和等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 因为点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 之间的距离恰为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，故 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 必须落在区间 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，即： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 原方程的解集为闭区间 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef81ba9c56f5c4bd9792cf"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81318c32c1010cb5c6e3" data-id="3ec2931bceef81318c32c1010cb5c6e3"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81318c32c1010cb5c6e3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81318c32c1010cb5c6e3" title="(七)联想有关模型"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(七)联想有关模型</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8185b200cf719349cf05"><span class="notion-default">这类模型包括三类：参考书提供的；自己析出的；尚在自己头脑中酝酿，还比较模糊的雏型。为了找到模型，</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef814e891ecf750ec66faa"><span class="notion-default">① 需要早一点考虑，是否需要把假设（或已知条件）重新分离，特别要把原命题没有强调甚至隐藏的条款挖出来，然后重新组合。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef819c82acc2bb5343ba27"><span class="notion-default">② 往往不是重新细分、重新组合好了才开始解题，而是边细分边组合边解，补充细分、补充组合之后再解，直到完全解决。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81c0ae04f4158b5ea156"><span class="notion-default">③ 在重新分离和重新组合过程中，谨防遗漏而减弱了假设；更要防止添加而增强了假设。前一种错误容易觉察，因为条件一弱，就解不下去，自然回头。后一种却未必，因为&quot;比较顺利&quot;，乐而忘忧。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef817d9198d43513027609"><span class="notion-default">④ 一般先取容易下手的条款来考虑。在取第二条款时，才考虑采用逐次逼近还是双轨模型。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81ffbc09eb5fb2b757c4"><span class="notion-default">⑤ 从别人那里看到或听来的经验或模型，一定要亲自实践，取得自己的经验，熟练到好象自己发现的一般，否则急用时就联想不上或用不好。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef811e9599f587c3d6fca4"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 7】（重新组合条件与识别几何模型）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：求函数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的最小值。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>隐藏条款分离</b></span><span class="notion-default">：将代数式中的项拆解改写为两点间的距离公式形式 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>模型重组</b></span><span class="notion-default">：结构 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以看作动点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 到定点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的距离 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；结构 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以看作动点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 到定点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的距离 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>识别模型</b></span><span class="notion-default">：原式转化为求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的最小值——这正是著名的</span><span class="notion-default"><b>“将军饮马”（轴对称求最短路径）几何模型</b></span><span class="notion-default">。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>解答</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 在平面直角坐标系中，设点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，动点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 位于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上。 做点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 关于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴的对称点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 根据两点之间线段最短，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。 计算 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 两点间的距离： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 故函数 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的最小值为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef813e855ad37283044a68"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef819e9adbf0c795a89d67" data-id="3ec2931bceef819e9adbf0c795a89d67"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef819e9adbf0c795a89d67" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef819e9adbf0c795a89d67" title="(八)本问题解决之后，还有一半（重要的一半）工作要做"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">(八)本问题解决之后，还有一半（重要的一半）工作要做</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81d5836ce6cf3c8cd22b"><span class="notion-default">① 尽可能把&quot;笨&quot;解法改进为&quot;巧&quot;解法。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef814fbd3dfa9b644d67d4"><span class="notion-default">② 把问题特殊化、具体化，寻求直接应用或引出推论。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81fea2dcd48abb871b96"><span class="notion-default">③ 把问题抽象化，使其应用范围扩大，力求概括出模型，收到以一当十的效果。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81959268c03fccb99d28"><span class="notion-default">④ 尽量由一题引出多题。即使不能引出新命题，能引出一串考问题也好，因为这有助于知识的系统化。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef812c9bd9e64382a814c7"><span class="notion-default">⑤ 尽量减弱假设（或已知条件），或加强结论，使定理精炼、强化。此项工作不宜太早进行，以免节外生枝、增加难度，或远离原题、迷失方向。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8122b5f6c72c07096ab4"><span class="notion-default">这（八）是消化、吸收、组织、深化的工作，可以为尔后应用和联想打好扎实的逻辑基础。解题之后，能否从中引出最大收获，由&quot;笨&quot;引向&quot;巧&quot;，由一般到特殊，或由特殊到一般，以一当十，是此项工作水平高低的重要标志。</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef8181b273cf66ad10283b"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>【典型例题 8】（由“笨”引“巧”、概括模型与一题多变）</b></span><span class="notion-default"> </span><span class="notion-default"><b>题目</b></span><span class="notion-default">：求证：任意四个连续正整数的乘积加 1 是一个完全平方数。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>思维分析与解后消化</b></span><span class="notion-default">： - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>笨解法（强行展开）</b></span><span class="notion-default">：设四个连续正整数为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。直接相乘展开可得四次多项式，再试图对其进行分解，过程繁琐易错。 - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>改进为巧解（寻求分组与换元）</b></span><span class="notion-default">：将首尾两项与中间两项分别组合： </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，原式瞬间变为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">！巧解立现！ - </span><span class="notion-default"><b>抽象化与模型推广（一题引多题）</b></span><span class="notion-default">： 解题后进一步思考：如果是公差为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的等差数列，连续四项之积加 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 也会是完全平方数吗？ 验证：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。成功将一个特殊问题推广为普遍的数论/代数定理！</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3ec2931bceef818d97e3f39d1baf8471"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef81d7ab59c046c8e3ac60" data-id="3ec2931bceef81d7ab59c046c8e3ac60"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef81d7ab59c046c8e3ac60" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef81d7ab59c046c8e3ac60" title="总结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">总结</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81519359e6c67f028d23"><span class="notion-default">以上便是数学思维基本修养的几个方面。原文借电子计算机的储存、反馈和提取作比喻，强调人的知识调用与临场联想具有不确定性，也可能因长期不使用而遗忘。这个比喻用于说明思维活动，并不意味着计算机处理必然成功，也不意味着人的学习过程可以用固定程序完全描述。掌握解题方法只是数学教学的一部分；如何结合知识、练习与反馈来改进教学，仍需进一步讨论。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3ec2931bceef8125a3d0c1014df3ed8a" data-id="3ec2931bceef8125a3d0c1014df3ed8a"><span><div id="3ec2931bceef8125a3d0c1014df3ed8a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3ec2931bceef8125a3d0c1014df3ed8a" title="知识与能力的关系"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">知识与能力的关系</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81618467ed4bc0e9d125"><span class="notion-default">最后，让我们再次回到本书开头提出的关于知识和能力的关系上来。现在，我们已经可能把这个问题说得更加透彻更加科学了。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81679e73c688c970e3f4"><span class="notion-default">如果把数学问题比作&quot;鱼&quot;，把解题比作&quot;网&quot;，那么，这个网实际上是由知识和能力织成的网络。概念、公理、定理和推论，不过是这个网络上的一个个结点。这些结点靠代数、三角、平面几何、立体几何、解析几何、微积分等各种自身的系统性和逻辑性连结起来，捻成一条条纵线——显然，仅有这些东西，本领甚小，几乎让&quot;鱼&quot;全跑掉。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef8118b71ad84021447912"><span class="notion-default">进而，靠着老师和学生共同努力，在严格训练的基础上，把知识系统化和手法归类，使每条纵线发展为网片。例如平面几何，就&quot;如何证两线段相等&quot;&quot;如何证两角相等&quot;&quot;如何证两直线垂直&quot;&quot;如何证两线段成比例&quot;&quot;如何证三点共线&quot;&quot;如何证四点共圆&quot;等等问题，进行归类，使平面几何这条纵线发展为网片。这样，本领就大了些，能捞到不少&quot;鱼&quot;。但由于网片间缺乏横线联系，一片片处于纵向飘洒状态，许多&quot;鱼&quot;尚有机会逃走。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3ec2931bceef81e1847fd03ae2f56f8b"><span class="notion-default">为了建立至关重要的横线，师生还得继续努力，通过解一定数量的综合题，大搞类比思维、复合思维，把平面几何片和立体几何片，几何片和代数片，几何片和三角片，三角片和代数片，联结起来。这样就把网络织得比较细密，一网撒去，可兜一群！</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3ec2931bceef81e89df8f19a5f7ea7a8"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>本文的归纳：</b></span><span class="notion-default">知识网络需要通过练习和不同领域之间的联系逐步建立。早期训练可能有帮助，但仅凭这里的比喻不足以证明数学能力主要由早期训练决定，也不宜把天赋与训练说成互斥因素。</span></div></blockquote></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[《写给全人类的数学魔法书》深度读书笔记与读后感]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/Xie-Gei-Quan-Ren-lei-de-Shu-xue-Mo-fa-Shu</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/Xie-Gei-Quan-Ren-lei-de-Shu-xue-Mo-fa-Shu</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-5762e2bb28d4498590a1250136c3308c"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-0b1e41410004418290b788d7ed9f92e9">趁着还没开学，提前完成2月份的每月读一本书阅读任务，这个月份读的书是《写给全人类的数学魔法书》，作者是（日）永野裕之。这本书不仅是一本普通的数学教材，更像是一本能够点燃读者对数学兴趣的魔法书。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c07da7384d754340a09ade79bd67cdd0">这本书的核心思想是：<b>不要再死记硬背枯燥的数学公式和概念</b>。作者通过讲解<b>10种基本解题思路</b>，帮助我们游刃有余地应对各种初高中数学难题。这些解题思路不仅能提高读者的数学能力，还能快速拯救考卷分数。更重要的是，通过这些方法，我们将形成自己的学习方法，真正会学数学，甚至爱上数学！</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-98031247d26448628fa3a2fc96601829">永野裕之是一位拥有<b>20多年教学经验</b>的“数学达人”，现任永野数学私塾校长。他反对死记硬背数学公式的传统学习方法，提倡学通、学透，进而领略数学的魅力，真正提高数学能力 。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ff514834cf2f45348b7481f556940da9">下面的内容是从微信读书APP中导出的读书笔记，主要记载10种基本的解题思路，在书中主要通过对初高中的习题讲解，来验证和运用10种解题思路,记载下来主要为了以后给小孩讲题时有意识应用这些解题思路.</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-fb6655c417344238905f19cbdc857f1c"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-cbb178fe758a41ef84cd533ce8b75a7a">写给全人类的数学魔法书 (台湾180余所中学指定阅读！)
永野裕之</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5d4c92635cbc4982ab973a2fa7a3540d">◆ 通过记笔记，来积累“教学”的经验</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-aee6037e29004857967aa2789ebd4809"><div>学习的三步骤：“倾听→思考→再教会别人”。而准备一本属于自己的“宝库”笔记，实际上就是把第2步骤“思考”出来的东西，认认真真地记下来，等到日后再拿出来，教给未来的自己 。也就是学习的第3步骤。我想这的确是一种非常有魅力、非常棒的学习方法。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bc2ad093e2846699708c7a2b7553022">◆ “宝库”笔记的记法</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-ff3ff2845353422085cbaee76e18edaf"><div>pratice with kids“宝库”笔记，大致可以分成“定理·公式篇”和“习题篇”两个部分。让我们来看看具体是怎么一个记法。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-4b41ad04e09d43e9a22c55195f02422c">◆ 演绎和归纳</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-3147fb6dc7374b17b9cb586bdd2ac102"><div>所谓演绎法，就是，“把在整体当中成立的理论，应用到部分当中去。”比如说：“太阳肯定从东方升起，从西方落下。因此，今天的太阳也是从东方升起，从西方落下。”这就是演绎法的思考方法。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-6c099502ea3a4573acb433e5677ed0da"><div>归纳法指的又是什么呢？“把在部分当中适用的理论，推及到整体当中去</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-5816a3d36ace49f69838e99c757e29bf">◆ 使用未知数的好处</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-cd4381ddfb8a4fd3b0b97ebd1c2d1f76"><div>说到数学的基本精神，就是找出事物背后所隐藏的规律和性质</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-b5819e28b1074b39bf2bd8cb0f810ac6">◆ 怎么样才能够会答题？</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-73c729d0507b4f6fbb9732f1130f6452"><div>遇到不会的问题，看练习册后面的解题答案没有关系，但最最重要的一点就是，在看完解题答案之后的那一瞬间，你是怎么想的。“为什么不会？”“怎么样才能够会？”如果你能想到这些，那么你做这些练习题总算是没有白费功夫。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-fb2ae1103c2b471aae58fc56a16b6c41">◆ 数学不好的人所欠缺的解题基本功</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-a4080d9c2feb4ffb95552bf03bee359e"><div>有一些“解题的基本功”就必须要掌握了。我在这里给大家介绍4个：①应用题“数字化”； ②理解除法运算当中所包括的两个含义； ③理解图表与联立方程式之间的联系； ④在做辅助线的时候，要充分考虑到，通过辅助线能不能获得更多用的信息。 这四点无论哪一点，都是非常重要的基本功。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-1500b7d9f63b4f63bc93aa9f12b5a975">◆ 通过辅助线，能不能获得“更多有用的信息”</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-422441a2feba4f51bed72e34b0c00989"><div>我们要抱着“获取有用信息”这样一个明确的目标来作辅助线，从而解答问题，这绝非是一种偶然，而是实实在在的必然。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-bcabbaec627c43e58199665df5e87ec9">◆ 数学好的人，都掌握了“基本的解题思路”</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-8099aaedf9c54fb592221852090a5d56"><div>数学好的人，都把精力放在那些以前没有遇到过的新类型的数学题上面去了。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-e7d4898374bc440498f9ffcc1b4f6f58">◆ “10种解题的思路”和相应的作用</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-94d9b821e0384ad4a1922de738ab71e7"><div>贯穿小初高数学解题始终的方法介绍如下10种解题的思路：
（1）降低次方和次元
（2）寻找周期和规律性
（3）寻找对称性
（4）逆向思维
（5）与其考虑相加，不如考虑相乘
（6）相对比较
（7）归纳性的思考实验
（8）数学问题的图像化
（9）等值替换
（10）通过终点来追溯起点
那些数学好的人，他们的解题思路一般都不会超过这10种。遇到问题，他们会这样想：
“运算起来太复杂了”→“能不能降低运算的次方？”
“所要运算的数字实在是太庞大了”→“能不能找到周期和规律性？”
“用常规的思路来做这道题，实在是太麻烦了”→“那就试着逆向思维！”
“归纳总结起来，实在是太难了”→“可以进行实验性的思考！”
“找不到该如何证明它的条理性”→“那就通过终点来追溯起点！”
如果你能熟练掌握这些解题思路，那么定理的证明也好，题目的解答也罢，你就不会觉得它们是从天而降，突如其来的了，你就能够跟得上当年那些数学家，数学天才们的思维逻辑，也就是说，你能够以这“10种解题的思路”为线索，去探寻当年那些数学先贤们的想法，从而发现数学的乐趣。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-e40d65a274a548d1b95dee34f54fc710"><div>介绍如下10种解题的思路：（1）降低次方和次元（2）寻找周期和规律性（3）寻找对称性（4）逆向思维（5）与其考虑相加，不如考虑相乘（6）相对比较（7）归纳性的思考实验（8）数学问题的图像化（9）等值替换（10）通过终点来追溯起点那些数学好的人，他们的解题思路一般都不会超过这10种。遇到问题，他们会这样想：“运算起来太复杂了”→“能不能降低运算的次方？”“所要运算的数字实在是太庞大了”→“能不能找到周期和规律性？”“用常规的思路来做这道题，实在是太麻烦了”→“那就试着逆向思维！”“归纳总结起来，实在是太难了”→“可以进行实验性的思考！”“找不到该如何证明它的条理性”→“那就通过终点来追溯起点！”如果你能熟练掌握这些解题思路，那么定理的证明也好，题目的解答也罢，你就不会觉得它们是从天而降，突如其来的了，你就能够跟得上当年那些数学家，数学天才们的思维逻辑，也就是说，你能够以这“10种解题的思路”为线索，去探寻当年那些数学先贤们的想法，从而发现数学的乐趣。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-78d35f2d7a2246b18598f325ec72b415">◆ 归纳出其中的原理、规则和定义，将复杂的问题分解</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-996f978b81f14c7ba1eb48b33771d1fe"><div>数学好的人，越是遇到复杂的问题，就越是要归纳出其中的原理、规则和定义。然后抓住本质，将复杂的问题分解成一个个基本问题。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-e01e7358c203407dbdd95212be6102cc">◆ 在几何图形当中，同样可以降低“次元”</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-d9ac8f68433d474e96bded90a239f1cb"><div>解这道题，最重要的就是从图形当中把四边形MHFN给提取出来，画成平面图。这时候，你是否能够看出MH和NF的长度是相等的？</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-676857839d624b68a8b92645b49036a5">◆ 同余式</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-5867b1070ac544b386735eb071922e1e"><div>想要把握那些庞大的数字或者无限循环的数列，就必须找到它的周期和规律性。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-54216493d9eb4ab3b9575f131882db55">◆ 对称式</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-14db56568eaa434abcd305ea7e85978e"><div>如果我们能够发现所要求值的算式是一个对称式的话，就可以运用对称式的性质来进行运算。 顺便说一下，在方程式的解和系数的关系当中，也能够用到对称式的性质。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-b792caca15de487c84f5e2db5c348e0d">◆ 相反方程式</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-267891a8096a4fc087c0bab15f6e84cf"><div>方程式当中系数的排列为左右对称的形式，我们将这样的方程式称为“相反方程式”。只要将相反方程式当中同系数的项进行并项，就能够降低未知数的次方。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-51999818de314eab89e8001644c5cbe9">◆ 反证法</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-b68bfa45ae73409387be71d39be4da79"><div>当我们从正面思考难以找出头绪，或者是找出的头绪不清楚的时候，可以试着换一个“新的切入点”，比如说逆向思维。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-aff5cf5433764d7b9bf2b1c2cb37df8f">◆ 相关方程式的信息量</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-60f687eb933241fb966ca00a6b0ea420"><div>未知数乘法比未知数加法所要蕴含的有用信息多，所以通常我们对未知数方程式采用因式分解的方法来求解A×B=0</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-b36bafcbf24246f2b71f35416749bd40"><div>通过因数分解，我们能够将方程式变形，变成两项相乘的形式，从而获得更多的信息。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-7bdb8270d7d547988853668b1e27ac72"><div>如果题目当中给出了2个未知数，却只给了1个方程式，那我们就可以考虑一下，能不能把方程式转换为方程式③的形式。如果不能，那就干脆去做下一题。</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-af0e9d3584a74a1084726bc34e5c5610"><div>两项相乘的形式，作为方程式变形的基本方针。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-5e10cd8e969f4bddb1e077910859a95c">◆ 不等式的证明</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1169298b9dcb4343a6d130f70c9c6f27"><div>对于一开始的“xy-x-y+1”的难以理解、难以把握，和后来的 “（x-1）（y-1）”的容易理解、容易把握，这之间的区别正是我想要大家去体会的。即两项相加所能获得的信息量，与两项相乘所能获得的信息量之间的差距。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-e46bc76e99394208856966a3429d6e76">◆ 无限循环小数</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-f4b76968a07f458b9dc76ede75420be3"><div>找一个小数点后面保持一致的数字来作为参照物，也就是相对比较的话，我们很容易就能找出两者之间的“差距”。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-3dea3c4826404b51b13d92c364c89fad">◆ 解题思路7“归纳性的思考实验”</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-e8b27c837a9147f4a3dc667cd7b062f0"><div>解题思路7“归纳性的思考实验”</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-9c3c1e17ca92484dbf284cb0c8e2dbe1">◆ 加深印象，提出猜想</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-a333b21a797841a181d3e553221ae42f"><div>，对于看不太明白的问题，我们可以代入具体的数字，从而加深理解。并且随着理解的加深，我们可以提出归纳性的猜想，</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-fdbac2638a4944f883de129351fb2f91">◆ 不断“实验”</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-cb614f7edad3400196c87261e35b8749"><div>观察和实验，才是发现自然界当中各种法则的根源。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-dd1ef63be92a4ffe84a10f3b5b027e9d">◆ 第4部 综合习题——10种解题思路的运用</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-c6b4036d817c41a6a35fc3258982b6ea"><div>同余式】a≡b（modm）a和b对模m同余，就是说，a除以m和b除以m，所得的余数是相等的。比如说，8除以5和13除以5，所得余数相等，我们就可以写成：8≡13 （mod5）这就是同余式，我们将它称之为：“8和13对模5同余”。当a≡b（modm），c≡d （modm）的时候，性质①　a+c≡b+d （modm）性质②　a-c≡b-d （modm）性质③　ac≡bd （modm）性质④　an ≡bn （modm）</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2283455fdeb343b78545e613012c64c0">◆ 结束语</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-673490e528314da3ade82afcfa2987d1"><div>解题思路1“降低次方和次元” ·陪集定理·三角函数半角公式·三角函数乘法公式和加法公式·空间向量·三角函数的积分·部分积分·哈密尔顿定理·三角函数的积分解题思路2“寻找周期和规律性” ·三角函数的图像·递推公式·n次导函数·部分积分·行列的n次方解题思路3“寻找对称性” ·解和系数的关系·3次函数的图像·偶函数和奇函数的积分解题思路4“逆向思维” ·对数·积分·反函数·反行列解题思路5“与其考虑相加，不如考虑相乘” ·等式、不等式的证明·式变形解题思路6“相对比较” ·差分数列·递推公式·向量的分解解题思路7“归纳性的思考实验” ·数学归纳法·分数递推公式·整数问题解题思路8“数学问题的图像化” ·轨迹和领域·三角方程式、三角不等式·函数的趋向、极限、图像·定积分和面积·函数的最大值和最小值·向量的内部乘积·向量的方程式·数列的极限·中间值定理·平均值定理</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-09abdd5c16364cbcad8004ed1882cafe"><div>·极限坐标和极限方程式解题思路9“等值替换” ·恒等式·等式、不等式的证明·三角方程式·指数方程式·对数方程式·极限的条件决定了系数解题思路10“通过终点来追溯起点” ·证明题（全部）</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-7d6842d7d6454f2c92d7b65d4f229266"><div>授人以渔而非鱼的方式以及不以分数为导向的态度决定了未来的学习兴趣父亲的回答并不是“教给我什么知识”，而是一起来“思考”。对于各种问题，父亲都会给出大概的条理和启发。从而使我确信：
“啊，原来不背解题方法也能够学好数学。”
另外，由于家母的性格特别开朗、天真烂漫，所以，不管当年的我考了多烂的成绩，她都不会骂我，
“考的分数还真低呀！（笑）”</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-700bad2a2240432fbcf51dbed09781ad"><div>父亲的回答并不是“教给我什么知识”，而是一起来“思考”。对于各种问题，父亲都会给出大概的条理和启发。从而使我确信：“啊，原来不背解题方法也能够学好数学。”另外，由于家母的性格特别开朗、天真烂漫，所以，不管当年的我考了多烂的成绩，她都不会骂我，“考的分数还真低呀！（笑）”</div></blockquote><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-439fb8d4bdc447f7ad1467d0e0abaa52"><div>当年的我，在学习上真的很自由。“必须给我背下来！”“必须给我考出好的成绩！”当年，像这样的监督和约束，我从来没有感受过。我学习数学不是被强迫的，而是带着兴趣去学的。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-blank notion-block-08f7c06b09c84c5abc82d190f63ad1be"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[叶修《学习的逻辑》全书核心笔记：中学生提分策略与思维模型拆解（含高清导图）]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/learning-logic-book-review</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/learning-logic-book-review</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[这本书的作者（叶修）为中学生提供了一套系统的学习策略，强调策略红利的重要性，分析了学习效率与时间的关系，提出了高效学习的多种方法，如学习中心论和结构化思维。适合感到迷茫的学生、勤奋但成绩平平的学生、优等生以及关心孩子学习的家长阅读，以帮助他们找到科学的学习方法和提升策略。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2632931bceef80f99315d80b73f35858"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2632931bceef80c5a55ff070b1593afd" data-id="2632931bceef80c5a55ff070b1593afd"><span><div id="2632931bceef80c5a55ff070b1593afd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef80c5a55ff070b1593afd" title="一本为中国学生而写的学习策略指南"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>一本为中国学生而写的学习策略指南</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef8012a822c96b51fb43ec">在这个&quot;内卷&quot;愈发激烈的时代，每个中学生都在寻找突破瓶颈的方法。叶修的这本《学习的逻辑》，为我们提供了一个全新的视角：<b>真正的竞争优势，来自于学习策略的升级</b>。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2632931bceef808fb889c99a17009aa7" data-id="2632931bceef808fb889c99a17009aa7"><span><div id="2632931bceef808fb889c99a17009aa7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef808fb889c99a17009aa7" title="💡 颠覆性的洞察"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">💡 颠覆性的洞察</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef800f8ca9c62780f0f279">作者最令人印象深刻的观点是对学习&quot;红利时代&quot;的分析。当天赋红利、资源红利、努力红利都被大规模复制后，<b>策略红利</b>成为了新的突破口。这不是鸡汤，而是基于深度观察的现实判断。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef807ebf3ef808d5c23414">书中最具冲击力的发现之一：<b>学霸往往睡得很早</b>。这个简单的事实背后，隐藏着关于效率与时间关系的深层逻辑。当我们还在熬夜刷题时，真正的高手已经在用更科学的方式优化学习效果。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3e92931bceef8059841efb732aec93d1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:334.000732421875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/47b92c0a-3f6e-4501-a06d-aa2b53f5aa80/image.png?table=block&amp;id=3e92931b-ceef-8059-841e-fb732aec93d1&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=BPyxDLJE6CjrF9XUzmqNt7LFaPbuvbBUGp5YwXP-PUw&amp;t=3e92931b-ceef-8059-841e-fb732aec93d1" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2632931bceef805ea0f8d302aa54a2c8" data-id="2632931bceef805ea0f8d302aa54a2c8"><span><div id="2632931bceef805ea0f8d302aa54a2c8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef805ea0f8d302aa54a2c8" title="🎯 实用性与系统性并重"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">🎯 实用性与系统性并重</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef80418756c24586fca7a6">这本书最大的价值在于其<b>系统性</b>。它不是零散的学习技巧汇编，而是一套完整的方法论：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef80bc928bdf805e2324d6"><li><b>学习中心论</b>教你重新定义自己在学习中的位置</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef8029a617f1706c67b010"><li><b>高强度用脑</b>原理揭示了高效学习的本质</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef80c9b9e9e3fa8a000687"><li><b>结构化思维</b>让复杂知识变得清晰有序</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef800d968ec0335a3b4aa6"><li><b>信息源管理</b>帮你在资源有限的环境中找到突破路径</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef8039a9d7d2daf9ad3df9">每一个策略都有清晰的理论基础和具体的操作步骤，不会让读者陷入&quot;懂了很多道理，却不知道怎么做&quot;的困境。</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-3e92931bceef80439252f79b08355a29"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3e92931bceef802f87b6c262ed5f7dea"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/bd12ccf2-9460-40cb-9737-3529bba68eb7/NotebookLM_Mind_Map_(1).png?table=block&amp;id=3e92931b-ceef-802f-87b6-c262ed5f7dea&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=y85Bp97oQ4iAaJ5EgIv4qXofkWRxLrMOW2m7ohDK-O4&amp;t=3e92931b-ceef-802f-87b6-c262ed5f7dea" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2632931bceef80be9d0bc88cb633c066" data-id="2632931bceef80be9d0bc88cb633c066"><span><div id="2632931bceef80be9d0bc88cb633c066" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef80be9d0bc88cb633c066" title="🌟 为什么值得一读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">🌟 为什么值得一读</span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2632931bceef80e28f0bcb75a1a322b4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>接地气</b>：作者深度理解中国教育环境，针对&quot;地狱模式&quot;的中学教育提供解决方案</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2632931bceef80eaa773d03a2e46e1d4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>可操作</b>：每个方法都有详细的执行步骤，不是空洞的理论</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2632931bceef807c9947df8f723a8f32" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>有深度</b>：融合了教育学、认知心理学等多学科知识，但表达通俗易懂</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2632931bceef807ca8a3e61178a4ede2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>全面性</b>：从思维方式到具体技巧，从时间管理到精力管理，形成完整闭环</li></ol><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2632931bceef80c8a645e8a6b17294bc" data-id="2632931bceef80c8a645e8a6b17294bc"><span><div id="2632931bceef80c8a645e8a6b17294bc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef80c8a645e8a6b17294bc" title="📚 谁最应该读这本书"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">📚 谁最应该读这本书</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef80fc9af3f89684b04eec"><li><b>感到学习迷茫的中学生</b>：为你指明努力的正确方向</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef8052b068d8c2bd1c92eb"><li><b>勤奋但成绩平平的学生</b>：帮你找到效率低下的根本原因</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef80e79b9ef468be9bc291"><li><b>想要突破瓶颈的优等生</b>：提供进一步提升的策略思路</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2632931bceef80889806c6e616aed04c"><li><b>关心孩子学习的家长</b>：理解现代学习的科学方法</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2632931bceef8033b79ffe0cefe5de3d" data-id="2632931bceef8033b79ffe0cefe5de3d"><span><div id="2632931bceef8033b79ffe0cefe5de3d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2632931bceef8033b79ffe0cefe5de3d" title="💭 一点思考"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">💭 一点思考</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef80c79e97c59214708bf8">这本书让我们重新思考一个根本问题：**在学习这件事上，我们是否还停留在农业时代的思维？**当别人还在用时间和汗水堆积成绩时，掌握了科学学习策略的人，已经开始享受&quot;降维打击&quot;的优势。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2632931bceef80d3a420ea3970328acf">正如作者所说，我们已经走过了天赋红利、资源红利、努力红利的时代，现在是<b>策略红利的时代</b>。这本书，就是帮你获得这种红利的钥匙。</div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[Mark Tilbury 是谁？英国亿万富翁分享的财务独立和成功之道]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/Mark-Tilbury-success</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/Mark-Tilbury-success</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-1972931bceef80f4bc26d03eaa3a6577"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef803f987ef54fff94e97f">Mark Tilbury是英国自学成才的百万富翁、著名白手起家企业家、拥有千万粉丝的商业与财商教育导师，专注于商业、个人理财和投资领域的内容创作。他在TikTok上拥有超过700万粉丝，在YouTube上有近400万订阅者。他通过分享从低薪工作到经营数百万美元企业的经历，旨在帮助他人实现财务自由。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef807988f2db46ed4df721">在16岁时，Mark Tilbury未获得任何学历，第一份工作是制作木制垃圾桶，时薪不到2美元。他在工作中被分配到最低技术要求的岗位，最终决定辞职并创办自己的企业。约三十年后，他经营着一家年收入超过5000万美元的多元化企业。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef809098c0d49b6ad92ff0">Mark Tilbury的目标观众主要是18至45岁的年轻人和中年人，关注财务教育、投资策略和被动收入的生成。他的内容旨在帮助观众提高财务素养，建立财富，无论他们当前的财务状况如何。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80dca6e2d29b633c9667">最近，已经57岁的他对那些有雄心但懒惰的年轻人分享了成功心得。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80ebb8d9e89ba55cdd23">这里就是残酷的真相：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef805a8965fe6896101929">你的钟声在滴答作响。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef804f9e89f18954e63075">你可能有很多想法和抱负，但如果没有行动，你的理想生活将会消逝。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80dbbc05d9607dc5b52f">要在生活中创造一些真正的动力：</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1972931bceef802dad4bdd482b6886ae" data-id="1972931bceef802dad4bdd482b6886ae"><span><div id="1972931bceef802dad4bdd482b6886ae" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1972931bceef802dad4bdd482b6886ae" title="第 1 步: 停滞"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第 1 步: 停滞</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef808c852ceed1530968f1">目前，你的收入可能只能勉强覆盖每月的开销。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef805d8274c9df5b7838d9">要摆脱困境：掌握自己的财务，记录每一分钱，识别你的必需品并自动储蓄。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1972931bceef800e9ceac05baa515a03" data-id="1972931bceef800e9ceac05baa515a03"><span><div id="1972931bceef800e9ceac05baa515a03" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1972931bceef800e9ceac05baa515a03" title="第 2 步: 启动"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第 2 步: 启动</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80acb432fc14609790ba">超过 50%的人从未到达这个阶段。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80fc912cc916554d2aa6">你正在摆脱停滞，但可能有一些事情在阻碍你：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1972931bceef8051990ed7dde7c7fa3f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>朋友</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-1972931bceef80a2880ecdf2b7d91328" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>通货膨胀</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef8074848ce3c7eb029921">你们中的有些朋友可能不喜欢你新的态度。不要让他们阻碍你，继续前进！</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef806d8712e4c483fb223b">将存放在银行账户中的钱放在银行里，通货膨胀会吃掉你辛苦赚来的钱。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef800a9f2becdf3b01549e">相反，长期投资于标普 500 指数以战胜通胀并积累财富！</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1972931bceef8058ad84efe8abb3962f" data-id="1972931bceef8058ad84efe8abb3962f"><span><div id="1972931bceef8058ad84efe8abb3962f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1972931bceef8058ad84efe8abb3962f" title="第 3 步: 加速"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第 3 步: 加速</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef800c9056fcac4f010dec">现在你有了些动力，是时候加快通往财富的旅程了。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef806ea5b7dfb9174ece7c">充分利用你当前的机会。它们不会永远在这里！</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80c2b87be955db1c5673">专注于“三 C”以大幅提升你的财富：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1972931bceef8042b52ad532ed2e5b36"><li>现金流 - 这是你的财务引擎的燃料。
连接 - 你的网络 = 你的净资产。
信心 - 允许你采取有计算风险和大胆的行动。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1972931bceef80b396b5e9c6309982c8" data-id="1972931bceef80b396b5e9c6309982c8"><span><div id="1972931bceef80b396b5e9c6309982c8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1972931bceef80b396b5e9c6309982c8" title="第 4 步: 扩展"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第 4 步: 扩展</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef802e9fc6efd25a99bf9d">你的财富会在这里呈指数级增长。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80a6b2bbeca4fc85b758">购买负债在这个阶段会逐渐耗尽你的财富。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80489d4aede922d925c5">投资增值的资产，获得被动收入。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80a195b6f3a317222b45">负债：
昂贵的汽车
• 高档商品</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef804cb092cff981b6d12b">资产:
• 租赁房产
• 股息股票
高收入技能</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1972931bceef8001bdb9efb4c9212bba" data-id="1972931bceef8001bdb9efb4c9212bba"><span><div id="1972931bceef8001bdb9efb4c9212bba" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1972931bceef8001bdb9efb4c9212bba" title="第 5 步: 熟练掌握"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第 5 步: 熟练掌握</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef80428372ea0d12544014">你已经实现了财务自由，可以按照自己的方式生活。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1972931bceef802a917acd59966e975b">现在，是时候帮助他人实现自己的成功了：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1972931bceef80bdae15c62a7506fa99"><li>将利润重新投资以保值。
• 用自己的专业知识指导他人。
• 请分享你在过程中学到的教训。</li></ul></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[常用资源下载列表]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/res-download</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/res-download</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3b82931bceef804a93eafa4f2217e221"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3b82931bceef80f695c9e830cb1f783f" data-id="3b82931bceef80f695c9e830cb1f783f"><span><div id="3b82931bceef80f695c9e830cb1f783f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3b82931bceef80f695c9e830cb1f783f" title="📝 K12教育"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 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title="📎 常读的书"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">📎 常读的书</span></span></h2><div class="notion-blank notion-block-3b82931bceef80dabd4cc570559d39f4"> </div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-3b82931bceef809b9bc0ca4f7614db95"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[全等模型补短法证明EF等于AE加CF 📚]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/quan-deng-mo-xing-bu-duan-fa-zheng-ming-ef-deng-yu-ae-jia-cf</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/quan-deng-mo-xing-bu-duan-fa-zheng-ming-ef-deng-yu-ae-jia-cf</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[证明全等模型中EF等于AE加CF，学习补短法证明线段和，适用于初中数学学习。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3a22931bceef81209f76cf19c870bc26"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3a22931bceef81afa351e265395f2cbe" data-id="3a22931bceef81afa351e265395f2cbe"><span><div id="3a22931bceef81afa351e265395f2cbe" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef81afa351e265395f2cbe" title="经典图变式——补短法证明线段和"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">经典图变式——补短法证明线段和</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3a22931bceef810f8aaceff1d7129714" data-id="3a22931bceef810f8aaceff1d7129714"><span><div id="3a22931bceef810f8aaceff1d7129714" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef810f8aaceff1d7129714" title="题目"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题目</span></span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3a22931bceef803fb428c85840e020b0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/c372b7f7-d8a4-441d-8f2f-014fc13d4f0e/1784421318760..jpg?table=block&amp;id=3a22931b-ceef-803f-b428-c85840e020b0&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=bbVDrBAnKY5jktNhaHWvwAFu15q6WLs86T3zYhIVlWA&amp;t=3a22931b-ceef-803f-b428-c85840e020b0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8196bc5ef6ff8a4cb2f6"><span class="notion-default">如图，在四边形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8140bd48c96505756b05"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分别在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，且</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8132b895c84268a7029c"><span class="notion-default">求证：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-3a22931bceef81bb94f7c962bf54d8b2"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3a22931bceef812fbd49ef91c1da6c7e" data-id="3a22931bceef812fbd49ef91c1da6c7e"><span><div id="3a22931bceef812fbd49ef91c1da6c7e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef812fbd49ef91c1da6c7e" title="一、怎样想到辅助线"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">一、怎样想到辅助线</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef812cb112fc5074329281"><span class="notion-default">结论右边是两条线段的和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，但它们不在同一条直线上，不方便直接比较。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef810aa18ec2432a17b221"><span class="notion-default">遇到“</span><span class="notion-default"><b>一条线段等于另外两条线段之和</b></span><span class="notion-default">”，常用方法是</span><span class="notion-default"><b>截长补短</b></span><span class="notion-default">：把两条短线段搬到同一直线上，拼成一条完整线段。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81f197facb3095532a90"><span class="notion-default">这里 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 已经共线，所以我们可以把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 从点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 向外延长，在延长线上取一点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，使</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81cfb9f9ea1118f336a6"><span class="notion-default">此时 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在同一直线上，而且点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 之间，因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81f088e7f40e4aea5274"><span class="notion-default">于是原问题转化成：</span><span class="notion-default"><b>证明 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3a22931bceef8164a798ca5902418521" data-id="3a22931bceef8164a798ca5902418521"><span><div id="3a22931bceef8164a798ca5902418521" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef8164a798ca5902418521" title="二、证明过程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">二、证明过程</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3a22931bceef81dda1c9d297f9fad6a9" data-id="3a22931bceef81dda1c9d297f9fad6a9"><span><div id="3a22931bceef81dda1c9d297f9fad6a9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef81dda1c9d297f9fad6a9" title="第一步：证明 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第一步：证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8114beaffdc9926e8f2a"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef815fa554ee4d9ac22e84"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81dc80a3ce658ae0b493"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8112aac0e2d7a653ec9b"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef812ba0b7d8a044d4291e"><span class="notion-default">由全等三角形的对应边、对应角相等，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3a22931bceef817d99b2fcbe7ff4c062" data-id="3a22931bceef817d99b2fcbe7ff4c062"><span><div id="3a22931bceef817d99b2fcbe7ff4c062" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef817d99b2fcbe7ff4c062" title="第二步：找出另一对相等的  角"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第二步：找出另一对相等的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 角</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81568128d92f733408bf"><span class="notion-default">射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分成三个角，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81589626faf640ba9cce"><span class="notion-default">把已知的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 代入，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81db8f1dc5a62100004e"><span class="notion-default">由（1）可知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8171be98ee7103ca08e0"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3a22931bceef81c988dde9fd628afd6b" data-id="3a22931bceef81c988dde9fd628afd6b"><span><div id="3a22931bceef81c988dde9fd628afd6b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef81c988dde9fd628afd6b" title="第三步：证明 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第三步：证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8136bad2d5dd877f7b73"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef810c8812f7e241832987"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef817ea31ee63600064271"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef8179b582f6efb81576d1"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，且点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef819690fecb4e67b3f7af"><span class="notion-default">而 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3a22931bceef819fb50ec220a9316cc5" data-id="3a22931bceef819fb50ec220a9316cc5"><span><div id="3a22931bceef819fb50ec220a9316cc5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef819fb50ec220a9316cc5" title="三、回头看：这道题真正要学会什么"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三、回头看：这道题真正要学会什么</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef81088be6fdc44c7191af"><span class="notion-default">这道题的核心不是复杂的角度计算，而是两次“搬运线段”：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3a22931bceef814197ddd4fa38ae9a1e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">由第一对全等三角形，把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 搬到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，同时得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3a22931bceef815ba39be0a3bc31da9b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">利用 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，凑出第二对全等三角形；</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-3a22931bceef81b9b815efc1cef7bf6d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">再把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 搬成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到结论。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-3a22931bceef810ea760fe1a39d3d14f"><span class="notion-default">可以把方法压缩成一句话：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3a22931bceef8198ac9ad41a616e0b54"><div><span class="notion-default">看到“线段和”，先想截长补短；看到“等边加等角”，再找 SAS 全等来搬运线段。</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3a22931bceef81e4b72dd838cdb387a8" data-id="3a22931bceef81e4b72dd838cdb387a8"><span><div id="3a22931bceef81e4b72dd838cdb387a8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3a22931bceef81e4b72dd838cdb387a8" title="四、自我检查"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">四、自我检查</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3a22931bceef81de8376c8e5ef9fff53"><li><span class="notion-default">辅助点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 必须取在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 经过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的反向延长线上，保证 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的顺序；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3a22931bceef818896b7cbe5927c39a3"><li><span class="notion-default">第二次全等中的夹角必须是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3a22931bceef8187bac7e4c6d16ae2fb"><li><span class="notion-default">不能只凭图形说 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，必须经过角的和差计算。</span></li></ul></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
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            <title><![CDATA[初中几何辅助线为什么这样作：两组三问综合题📚]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/chuzhong-geometry-assist-line-why-20260619</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/chuzhong-geometry-assist-line-why-20260619</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[深入解析初中几何辅助线作法，涵盖等腰直角三角形、8字全等，助你掌握解题技巧与逻辑思维。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-39c2931bceef8142aeb9d26a592634ba"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-39c2931bceef8189a59fd230f52253b0" data-id="39c2931bceef8189a59fd230f52253b0"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8189a59fd230f52253b0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8189a59fd230f52253b0" title="初中几何辅助线为什么这样作：两组三问综合题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">初中几何辅助线为什么这样作：两组三问综合题</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef815eae0de1e25eca809d" data-id="39c2931bceef815eae0de1e25eca809d"><span><div id="39c2931bceef815eae0de1e25eca809d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef815eae0de1e25eca809d" title="阅读方法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">阅读方法</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81649448f9410eccc504"><span class="notion-default">同一道几何题有两个层次：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef818aac5ae415b1586360" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>发现过程</b></span><span class="notion-default">：从目标出发，盘点已有条件，判断还缺什么，再反推辅助线。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81399cd1fc6cfe20a0aa" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>书写过程</b></span><span class="notion-default">：把发现后的最短逻辑整理成规范证明。</span></li></ol><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef81ad920be67be0a72812"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef8174b4f9d08e79f338f5" data-id="39c2931bceef8174b4f9d08e79f338f5"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8174b4f9d08e79f338f5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8174b4f9d08e79f338f5" title="专题一：等腰直角三角形中的垂线转边与8字全等"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">专题一：等腰直角三角形中的垂线转边与8字全等</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef8111a0b8ef666072ec0a" data-id="39c2931bceef8111a0b8ef666072ec0a"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8111a0b8ef666072ec0a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8111a0b8ef666072ec0a" title="原题图片"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原题图片</span></span></span></h4><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-39c2931bceef804fb1a9db4d4681f77e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/1e995536-ae92-4d34-b15a-d7d2a82c98ec/1783949239123..jpeg?table=block&amp;id=39c2931b-ceef-804f-b1a9-db4d4681f77e&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=olNSUa9AKNpFLiT2mUELFKvfwGSKOINgq-Q4jSX_t-I&amp;t=39c2931b-ceef-804f-b1a9-db4d4681f77e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-39c2931bceef80299296dcd9afea449e"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81e6a92bfca7a62f0db2" data-id="39c2931bceef81e6a92bfca7a62f0db2"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81e6a92bfca7a62f0db2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81e6a92bfca7a62f0db2" title="参考答案图片"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">参考答案图片</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-blank notion-block-39c2931bceef80f98381ee861d6d7272"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-39c2931bceef80449950fa36869ea646"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/0cffb1eb-1dda-4cea-bb08-21253dd9fdb6/%E7%AD%94%E6%A1%88.png?table=block&amp;id=39c2931b-ceef-8044-9950-fa36869ea646&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=zR7-utqmlm058DEs9xFYcUxiYKot4ES-b4MnhCDRRZA&amp;t=39c2931b-ceef-8044-9950-fa36869ea646" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef813eb40cc584c2a6aed0" data-id="39c2931bceef813eb40cc584c2a6aed0"><span><div id="39c2931bceef813eb40cc584c2a6aed0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef813eb40cc584c2a6aed0" title="苏格拉底式五问总纲"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">苏格拉底式五问总纲</span></span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef812baf14e4d750ef5f54" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么想到在交点附近寻找全等？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b0b4a2f9b2b14224bf"><span class="notion-default">目标 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的两条线段以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为公共端点，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 相交，天然出现对顶角和8字结构。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81d098e7c128e589ef34" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>原条件 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b> 为什么还不够？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f49632f35481cc8665"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在候选三角形中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 却不在，必须把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 转移成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8187a363c5146dc3e5c1" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么作垂线？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81fd8b99fe907408e8cc"><span class="notion-default">母图是等腰直角三角形，垂线能再造 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 三角形，同时得到等边和平行线。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef814c86bed42da49a0136" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>它和什么旧知识相连？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813285e6e1df4c659033"><span class="notion-default">等腰直角三角形、同垂直则平行、对顶角相等和 AAS 全等。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8181bc56e59fc46f9ea7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样识别还要这样作？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815da66be05645367112"><span class="notion-default">当“目标在线交点两侧”“已有对顶角”“一条已知等边不在候选三角形中”“存在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 母图”同时出现时，考虑作垂线转边。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81a49e8eff106fda2a54" data-id="39c2931bceef81a49e8eff106fda2a54"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81a49e8eff106fda2a54" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81a49e8eff106fda2a54" title="题目条件翻译"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题目条件翻译</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81c7b099e809efca5328"><span class="notion-default">已知</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f383d8eadd656b0fe4"><span class="notion-default">因为平方与绝对值都不小于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，它们的和为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以每一项都必须等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f4960fc76a0e445162"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f58587ee00edd6d1b0"><span class="notion-default">所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形，从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-39c2931bceef814b83bfcb8d8bdae1a8"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>母图信号：</b></span><span class="notion-default">看到“直角两边相等”，要立即标出两个 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。若再出现线段相等，可尝试作垂线，构造新的等腰直角三角形，把已知等长转移到目标附近。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef81f49b8ac4c1b5a32d31"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81a09e9afbe6a57c0e7d" data-id="39c2931bceef81a09e9afbe6a57c0e7d"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81a09e9afbe6a57c0e7d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81a09e9afbe6a57c0e7d" title="第（1）问：求  的值"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第（1）问：求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的值</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81fcb5a1f66bfa4c9509"><span class="notion-default">#### 信号词</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef8174baf5fd9342096a40"><li><span class="notion-default">“平方 + 绝对值 = 0”：两个非负项分别等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81bfb3b5f75bdbe69186"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：把所有相关线段都用 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 表示。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81179de0eea23a7f2662"><li><span class="notion-default">分母中出现 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：代入 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 后，还要检验分母不为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8123b908d94d80d71009"><span class="notion-default">#### 思考路径</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e1b1f9fee5452d6281"><span class="notion-default">这一问不需要作辅助线。先从非负数之和为零得到</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81de9874e20e6f27873a"><span class="notion-default">再把比例式化成只含 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的一元一次方程：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81c3a896fbd0fa4b55ee"><span class="notion-default">#### 规范解答</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819e8fa9c9a90b0ae7be"><span class="notion-default">因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef818e9bd0f72aaecf6f26"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e8b2e5c12fba672455"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811f9e51c59316fc3620"><span class="notion-default">将其代入原式，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e3bd9beeb438d5912c"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812a88bfff9f3caa318d"><span class="notion-default">解得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816d98a1de627f291d46"><span class="notion-default">检验：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，符合题意。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef8125b2bbeb27fa8b83a6"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81a3bd28fc07c1e5905f" data-id="39c2931bceef81a3bd28fc07c1e5905f"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81a3bd28fc07c1e5905f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81a3bd28fc07c1e5905f" title="第（2）问： 在线段  上"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第（2）问：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8187884af462563ad2e8"><span class="notion-default">按图意，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的交点，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 内的动点。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ec81eaf0f3882a24d8"><span class="notion-default">#### 信号词</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef817e887ae683a275d110"><li><span class="notion-default">目标是比较 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：优先把它们放进两个全等三角形中。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81ec93fdfbbb91ce934c"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 相交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：交点两侧天然具有对顶角，是“8 字全等”的信号。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81b9b169ea2182d8cada"><li><span class="notion-default">已知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：这是最可能成为全等条件的一组等边。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81a1b3c8ce0455452513"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：母图是等腰直角三角形，具有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 条件。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef813f8ad0d294f40dad7f"><li><span class="notion-default">已知边 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 不在交点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 附近的候选三角形中：需要用垂线把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 转移成一条新的等长线段。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81228f83ccf123464634"><span class="notion-default">#### 思考路径</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a4bb0efc88efd77bed"><span class="notion-default">##### 1. 先从结论倒推全等三角形</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813a8a53fa584596729a"><span class="notion-default">要证明</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81868955fe7d1db901a9"><span class="notion-default">应让 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 成为两个全等三角形的对应边。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81faa71cf4fbd17d248f"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，若在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上找到一点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，就可以考虑</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8186ab17cb7fb7a3e53b"><span class="notion-default">这两个三角形在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 点已经有</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8102b93cc9222dd4391b"><span class="notion-default">这一组对顶角。接下来只需再制造“一组等角 + 一组对应边”，就能使用 AAS。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81d48559dd9b7bf18765"><span class="notion-default">##### 2. 已知等边为什么不能直接使用</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a5bf38db910624e75c"><span class="notion-default">题目给出</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef818895a1e341424cfa54"><span class="notion-default">但 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 不属于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。因此不能直接把它写进全等条件，必须先完成一次“转边”：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8177a457e61933fed8c4"><span class="notion-default">理想的辅助点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 应同时满足：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8182accfe2b511aa11f4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，保留交点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 处的对顶角；</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef811ebabdff75df2727d5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，把已知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 转化为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8126998dd0796c74f0a2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，再制造一组相等角。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef817f9691c3b84184a9a5"><span class="notion-default">##### 3. 怎样想到过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作垂线</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8146812fd8611da080f8"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b6ac66ec99b96122af"><span class="notion-default">交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81229f41f48a5621c6d2"><span class="notion-default">这条辅助线一次完成三件事：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef816db280c5fbe7609942"><li><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef8191a2acc6110a0e1296"><li><span class="notion-default">由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81079652f808b9384525"><li><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，又 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，故 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815fb7cdf8dbbb256c41"><span class="notion-default">于是全等所缺的“一边一角”同时补齐。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816cbddce2b0a41a8f15"><span class="notion-default">可以把思维链记成：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819583d4fbd4f6412d35"><span class="notion-default">#### 规范解答</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815b870ee4f40ae66283"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811390b0c6035cd3dd02"><span class="notion-default">因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a5850bdedf3f0730e2"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81499407fbbb2c669631"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81809c89f5ca14c9c6b0"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e69266d32ff530c687"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8198809bcd24978134a3"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81febd36c3748340d54c"><span class="notion-default">因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819ca5e8f1c76dc80b65"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e4aaf8e2de2905b228"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8134bfc0c29c42cedcce"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8154944ed78e7e3bac0f"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816d9149f239f76fcaec"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8199b79ac9cac1207fb9"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81eb834cf5cdc0699444"><span class="notion-default">因此，对应边相等：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e683cad785c7b136a9"><span class="notion-default">#### 另一种可行辅助线：过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作垂线</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ddb792f095c7d4f9a4"><span class="notion-default">也可以过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef810aaddac0eaff56c8ee"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f8a7efd8edae19b29a"><span class="notion-default">所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形，得到</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8134b60efbf6505f9e58"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81beabbfe123551ae23a"><span class="notion-default">由此可得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8147ba3ff3e90bb2ae6f"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8187bcecece7eec66cd0"><span class="notion-default">同样得到</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8165a9c9e37c7486566e"><span class="notion-default">答案图选择 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的原因是辅助点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 位于原线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，图形更紧凑；作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 也成立，但必须说明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是垂线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 延长线的交点。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef8117a9f1dea63b7c04ac"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81909640ee3b5cb3682c" data-id="39c2931bceef81909640ee3b5cb3682c"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81909640ee3b5cb3682c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81909640ee3b5cb3682c" title="第（3）问： 都在延长线上"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第（3）问：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都在延长线上</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81628eb2c5acb5e60ffb"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 经过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上，点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 经过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上；</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 延长线的交点。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a7a6adf883c6821667"><span class="notion-default">#### 信号词</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef811c895ada4336be5e4f"><li><span class="notion-default">目标仍是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：仍优先寻找以它们为对应边的全等三角形。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81d5936ffdd1cad479d8"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 延长线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 相交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：仍有8字结构和对顶角。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81718191c128c24b67fd"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：仍需把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 转移到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 附近的新线段上。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef810b966cfcab1d4a963d"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 已移到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上：第（2）问的点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 位置发生变化，应在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上取新点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef812dbbeeea873152cf64"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在同一直线上：过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，仍可利用母图的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 构造等腰直角三角形。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8129b8a2e44562101ec4"><span class="notion-default">#### 思考路径</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8129b7b5c5015ccea329"><span class="notion-default">##### 1. 目标和8字结构没有改变</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812a9b0edc91a75709ab"><span class="notion-default">要证明</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8181865ce3c4e3648aaf"><span class="notion-default">仍应把它们放入 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 点两侧的两个三角形中。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef817f863cc2d70eb215a7"><span class="notion-default">如果在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上找到点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，就可以比较</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81af8b07c2d3d7a64082"><span class="notion-default">两三角形在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 点天然具有对顶角：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8101b8f9e8b42a3f8829"><span class="notion-default">##### 2. 辅助线为什么改为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811a8f14fe9a3eeaac00"><span class="notion-default">第（2）问中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，垂线与线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 相交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；第（3）问中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 位于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的外侧，所以同方向作出的垂线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815ebd16db8943ce1627"><span class="notion-default">作</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e49299d0f52510c2b0"><span class="notion-default">交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f4ad4bec7f5a2ab3c3"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8149b349f0fc2020d620"><span class="notion-default">所以它仍是等腰直角三角形，从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815f91a6ecb23d762ddc"><span class="notion-default">再利用题设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816b83c6f2b908273205"><span class="notion-default">同时，由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，可得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b291f9ff1ca46f6458"><span class="notion-default">从而补出另一组相等角。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81debfd9c9bf54e66324"><span class="notion-default">因此，第（3）问虽然点的位置改变，但辅助线的目的没有改变：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef814fb3faf9e402809d13"><span class="notion-default">#### 规范解答</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a785a5d6dfcfbb68f7"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813ba046d7b18f6d4aa6"><span class="notion-default">因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811d9af8c5bf50b63347"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81258e18f82721ae4d4c"><span class="notion-default">由于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef814abfe4d83acf9375b7"><span class="notion-default">又因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8138954bc15427eb030c"><span class="notion-default">所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形，从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b38734f0ddc7033594"><span class="notion-default">由题设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8103b117e500947b53f0"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在同一直线上，且</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8112bf45f0e074af8313"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812aad05e1786d997834"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81da8713caba9b9c248c"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b58763ca2bba2e1bf9"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef817d830bd5e79be16c22"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81c7bfbef0864340264e"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81469a54dcf01e0af7fb"><span class="notion-default">因此，对应边相等：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef81c09810d05ca6f22edf"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81b0a1a5edc526be200b" data-id="39c2931bceef81b0a1a5edc526be200b"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81b0a1a5edc526be200b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81b0a1a5edc526be200b" title="三问共用的模型卡"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三问共用的模型卡</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816787c9f94b1c5208c5"><span class="notion-default">| 思考层次 | 题目信号 | 对应动作 | | --- | --- | --- | | 条件翻译 | 平方与绝对值的和为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | 每个非负项分别为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 母图识别 | 两直角边相等 | 标出两个 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，准备构造等腰直角三角形 | | 目标翻译 | 证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | 让 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 成为全等三角形的对应边 | | 模型识别 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 交于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | 使用对顶角，寻找8字全等 | | 条件盘点 | 已有对顶角，但缺一边一角 | 用一条辅助线同时制造等边和平行线 | | 等长转移 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，但 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 不在候选三角形中 | 作垂线构造 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 全等判定 | 两角及一条非夹边分别相等 | 使用 AAS |</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81b4a142c7e0e0110d37" data-id="39c2931bceef81b4a142c7e0e0110d37"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81b4a142c7e0e0110d37" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81b4a142c7e0e0110d37" title="怎样训练“想到辅助线”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">怎样训练“想到辅助线”</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8168bc99e4fb61b0f4b2"><span class="notion-default">遇到类似题目，不要直接背“过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作垂线”，而要依次问自己：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8187b8caf7657eb4d09c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>目标边在哪里？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811388f0e68cbf0873c5"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分别位于交点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的两侧。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef819fb1ccf1960e9f5c54" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>可以放进哪两个三角形？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef810b8a05d81c204fb7d1"><span class="notion-default">优先考虑交点两侧的8字三角形。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81ccb4a3dac4796e3c17" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>已经有什么全等条件？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e68d92fed2dcc195eb"><span class="notion-default">两直线相交，已经有一组对顶角。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81348aa8c77a5e70111c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>题目给出的等长能否直接使用？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a7b026ed81858e0ce8"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以使用，但 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 不在候选三角形中，需要转边。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef819dabd6e7a71f6d17f5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样用母图完成转边？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81bf9854cabde8921f81"><span class="notion-default">利用等腰直角三角形的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，作垂线再造一个等腰直角三角形。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81fcb526fbc576854647" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>这条辅助线能否再补一个角？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81448ea2e0d476c4e616"><span class="notion-default">新垂线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 平行，可以产生另一组相等角。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81719a72fb9350b79970"><span class="notion-default">最终形成稳定的思维链：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81b29ac9fc8bb8bf1d6d" data-id="39c2931bceef81b29ac9fc8bb8bf1d6d"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81b29ac9fc8bb8bf1d6d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81b29ac9fc8bb8bf1d6d" title="易错点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">易错点</span></span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81f6b71edf463ed25f32" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">不能只写“作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">”而不解释目的；它是为了同时得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81c4a3f9f6ddfd447f7d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，不是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81579c44d304410983bd" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">写全等时必须保持对应顺序：</span></li></ol><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81589c73fa4f804cef22" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">第（3）问中点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 位于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线上，不能仍写成“交线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">”。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8111a598d678062bc202" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">“两角相等 + 一边相等”使用的是 AAS；不能把它误写成一般情况下不成立的 SSA。</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef810bbbafc964c0fb63eb" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 也可以，但必须补充 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的延长线，并完整证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef814a96e8ea25b3190c7a"/><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef814e8fc4c0c2f2a41d2a"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef81ed8ca6cde09eaf04f1" data-id="39c2931bceef81ed8ca6cde09eaf04f1"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81ed8ca6cde09eaf04f1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81ed8ca6cde09eaf04f1" title="专题二：、 与垂直结构中的目标转化"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">专题二：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与垂直结构中的目标转化</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81c68a56d530202e8685" data-id="39c2931bceef81c68a56d530202e8685"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81c68a56d530202e8685" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81c68a56d530202e8685" title="原题图片"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原题图片</span></span></span></h4><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-39c2931bceef807f9a03d559ccedd3b5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/d0a6acc2-36c8-4d59-a654-5788e53ba482/Screenshot_2026-07-11-16-08-31-288_com.tencent.m..jpg?table=block&amp;id=39c2931b-ceef-807f-9a03-d559ccedd3b5&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=XGDz8jR_mp93XgtEtAYBb2Xi7i7XJWIWNiHg-gnzCb4&amp;t=39c2931b-ceef-807f-9a03-d559ccedd3b5" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef8163b5b1caa5a23d3253" data-id="39c2931bceef8163b5b1caa5a23d3253"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8163b5b1caa5a23d3253" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8163b5b1caa5a23d3253" title="参考答案图片"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">参考答案图片</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-blank notion-block-39c2931bceef80109f8cf06686f89dc2"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-39c2931bceef80b3a0a3eac4aca0ce25"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/5b085332-e6b4-47d5-bac4-413f8e325807/1783983489975..jpg?table=block&amp;id=39c2931b-ceef-80b3-a0a3-eac4aca0ce25&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=RklBG2T3bhbyM9QTeZlUCFnAbD8ahTrmz1xqFrHH7oU&amp;t=39c2931b-ceef-80b3-a0a3-eac4aca0ce25" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef8171ab38eea5e57f08f9" data-id="39c2931bceef8171ab38eea5e57f08f9"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8171ab38eea5e57f08f9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8171ab38eea5e57f08f9" title="题意整理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题意整理</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8158a890eaa38fd4fa9e"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；延长 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 至 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，使 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813c9bd2cd1d1dc5069c"><span class="notion-default">三问：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81a7941ef044ea856d7e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81be974ce3ccc5e8fdfa" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81a99c2ec79aa972299c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的垂直平分线上，求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef811bba6bd9bd45634f6e" data-id="39c2931bceef811bba6bd9bd45634f6e"><span><div id="39c2931bceef811bba6bd9bd45634f6e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef811bba6bd9bd45634f6e" title="全题第一发现：为什么先证明 ？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">全题第一发现：为什么先证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">？</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816fb847dd7d3f17c86c"><span class="notion-default">#### 五个追问</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8181b90efb2495ac6e02" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么想到它？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef814caa94d08c8cfd79d4"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 给出两个直角；</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 恰好像 HL 的“一直角边 + 斜边”。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81ad9a3bce0692a36e3c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>解决什么困难？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef810b8790c084e501d5e2"><span class="notion-default">把位置分散的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 统一为以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为顶点的等腰直角结构。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81b08b36c982b7363db3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>更自然的推出方式是什么？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81108953d39fa3ad4a01"><span class="notion-default">先把散落等长放回 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，而不是一开始追角。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81e9a43dcea5d6c18b87" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>联系什么旧知识？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8150ad5ccb6d25e07750"><span class="notion-default">HL 全等与“通过全等转移线段”。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81478e3cf53d2188b0d5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样识别？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e58771f1d85f5e9c1e"><span class="notion-default">看到“垂直 + 两组跨位置等长”，先找直角三角形并辨认斜边。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81328421ea63e4f3d282"><span class="notion-default">#### 规范推导</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819ebbb6ec8d15a0c693"><span class="notion-default">由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线及 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816481c2e36595da999c"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef816fb36ad8c6d08e99f4"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8169a909f97304507abd"><span class="notion-default">从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8156b1bad5e786c002ec"><span class="notion-default">于是全题得到统一母结构：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef81b68cb1fe805814806f"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef813ea317c3e36a6f1afc" data-id="39c2931bceef813ea317c3e36a6f1afc"><span><div id="39c2931bceef813ea317c3e36a6f1afc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef813ea317c3e36a6f1afc" title="专题二第（1）问：求 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">专题二第（1）问：求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81779de4fa505a535f8e" data-id="39c2931bceef81779de4fa505a535f8e"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81779de4fa505a535f8e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81779de4fa505a535f8e" title="信号词"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">信号词</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8107b1a5cf4886e71954"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、已知斜边 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、目标底边 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef818398c5c8e8b977acf2" data-id="39c2931bceef818398c5c8e8b977acf2"><span><div id="39c2931bceef818398c5c8e8b977acf2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef818398c5c8e8b977acf2" title="苏格拉底式思考路径"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">苏格拉底式思考路径</span></span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81a484d4e7b11f309aab" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么想到作 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e5b0b2dc2c93f94481"><span class="notion-default">作高可把一般三角形拆成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 两个特殊直角三角形。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81a1bfb3fd3ed5189b84" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>解决什么困难？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812bae0de68986d54112"><span class="notion-default">建立</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812f8872c751400800a1"><span class="notion-default">的长度传递链。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81da8dbdeb8583a32c12" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>有没有更自然的方法？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8109b916d5d842d3c660"><span class="notion-default">学过正弦定理可直接计算，但初中阶段作高更直观，也解释了每段长度的来源。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81488ae2cc6281738e73" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>联系什么旧知识？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ad8619eb95eff1e558"><span class="notion-default">等腰直角三角形和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 直角三角形的边长关系。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8159affbc1c10e8eb816" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样识别？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81d0af5cdc4e38e64f23"><span class="notion-default">两个特殊角分别控制不同边时，从第三个顶点向目标边作高。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef816ea730c003b316a170" data-id="39c2931bceef816ea730c003b316a170"><span><div id="39c2931bceef816ea730c003b316a170" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef816ea730c003b316a170" title="规范解答"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">规范解答</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef814081c3c5c40f49d4a3"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，垂足为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81948654dff63ea9c22d"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef817f9d32d79af3bcaba0"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a4b215efc62b7210fd"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef81b1aa23c32a1c495ec9"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef8109bbb4d27d141fbb8f" data-id="39c2931bceef8109bbb4d27d141fbb8f"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8109bbb4d27d141fbb8f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8109bbb4d27d141fbb8f" title="专题二第（2）问：证明 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">专题二第（2）问：证明 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef819eb3cccbc9a60c52fa" data-id="39c2931bceef819eb3cccbc9a60c52fa"><span><div id="39c2931bceef819eb3cccbc9a60c52fa" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef819eb3cccbc9a60c52fa" title="信号词"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">信号词</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8109a508ffdb59c75fab"><span class="notion-default">目标有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，图中有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 相距很远；已有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和直角 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81de80d7d3b15311e55f" data-id="39c2931bceef81de80d7d3b15311e55f"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81de80d7d3b15311e55f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81de80d7d3b15311e55f" title="苏格拉底式思考路径"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">苏格拉底式思考路径</span></span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8149b621debb00d370e2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么引入中间量 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81f29753dffba0f2c7a4"><span class="notion-default">把原结论设计成</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ffaaa9f5428fd8b455"><span class="notion-default">前者可由全等转边，后者可由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 直角三角形得到。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8156994bee61443caa1f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么过 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b> 作 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>，交 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b> 于 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81239768e2fef9f967bf"><span class="notion-default">想比较 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。已有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，还缺 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和夹角相等。因 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，补一个直角即可使 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 成为等腰直角三角形，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef810f8fe9d5b9d026a7a7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>解决什么困难？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81fa926df1b07861418e"><span class="notion-default">SAS 把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 转为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，全等所得角又能推出 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81e192bbf6f4841ea24e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>更自然的推出方式是什么？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81c586c8d6935380fa3f"><span class="notion-default">不是背作法，而是从候选三角形盘点：已有一边，缺另一边和夹角，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 提示“补直角造等边”。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef816abcece46972e1fc6a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样识别？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef812bba2ec91d3d34b2eb"><span class="notion-default">“等边夹直角 + 另有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> + 远距离线段 + </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">”同时出现。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef812eade5c44ef66bf873" data-id="39c2931bceef812eade5c44ef66bf873"><span><div id="39c2931bceef812eade5c44ef66bf873" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef812eade5c44ef66bf873" title="规范证明"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">规范证明</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81fe9d77db778dbf732f"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，连接 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81e8b81cd3d710433a02"><span class="notion-default">由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 为等腰直角三角形，故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8119ac84d8052a69ac87"><span class="notion-default">又</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81d2b6f2f80f8238ae20"><span class="notion-default">减去公共角 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8188a49fe60333e9a3fb"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81618cd0cf5f30435e1b"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b7b55fcdf112e3a953"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815c8bd5fc0f9a43def7"><span class="notion-default">结合 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 及 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 共线，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81179e86c3bdc346cdca"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81adbb73e130a19f8755"><span class="notion-default">故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef8111987fc53ed0ebab98"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef811591e2e363204dcc08" data-id="39c2931bceef811591e2e363204dcc08"><span><div id="39c2931bceef811591e2e363204dcc08" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef811591e2e363204dcc08" title="专题二第（3）问：求 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">专题二第（3）问：求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81d6a320d1627e3385a5" data-id="39c2931bceef81d6a320d1627e3385a5"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81d6a320d1627e3385a5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81d6a320d1627e3385a5" title="信号词"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">信号词</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef814e9a8cdad9fff54b90"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的垂直平分线上；已有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；目标分母 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 难以直接计算。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef816298bbecf031116d1b" data-id="39c2931bceef816298bbecf031116d1b"><span><div id="39c2931bceef816298bbecf031116d1b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef816298bbecf031116d1b" title="苏格拉底式思考路径"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">苏格拉底式思考路径</span></span></span></h4><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81dba84ee7e793275d54" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么先改写目标？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8139ac30c116536c9e9e"><span class="notion-default">垂直平分线给出 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，又有 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef810bb76bd71daee360cf"><span class="notion-default">分散比例被移入 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef817e8d7ffa4b7e07e155" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>解决什么困难，又产生什么新困难？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81aab9fee770c866ad08"><span class="notion-default">不必求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，但必须确定 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，才能计算 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef815fbf98e914f6e1710f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>为什么作 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>，并设垂直平分线交 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b> 于 </b></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"><b>？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef811787c5f5df7722d8dd"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是中点，故 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；而在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 直角三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。结合 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，可用 HL 比较 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到角度桥梁</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef8189aed0ed527ee403ad" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>它和什么旧知识相连？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819d93c4cd5a0e3c6087"><span class="notion-default">垂直平分线的等距性质、HL、等腰三角形、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 特殊角。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c2931bceef81b8a7e8de62cd802ec9" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>怎样识别？</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815da18ae9175a4764f9"><span class="notion-default">难算线段能被垂直平分线替换，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 能制造“斜边一半”时，先改写目标，再找 HL 转角。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81d99e3dde28c1ac4728" data-id="39c2931bceef81d99e3dde28c1ac4728"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81d99e3dde28c1ac4728" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81d99e3dde28c1ac4728" title="角度是怎样被逼出来的？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">角度是怎样被逼出来的？</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef8122b989dcb713c14c72"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的垂直平分线上，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef815ead31ebf6777ecb89"><span class="notion-default">故在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81d79ee5df6ac4466807"><span class="notion-default">又 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81bc93acc22b2ce3e886"><span class="notion-default">设</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813cac05e4d0ae394930"><span class="notion-default">则</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef819ebd2ffc98405d3fee"><span class="notion-default">二者相等并合成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81cebef3dc48b161dfd4"><span class="notion-default">又 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef812cbbedc91813c4aa2d" data-id="39c2931bceef812cbbedc91813c4aa2d"><span><div id="39c2931bceef812cbbedc91813c4aa2d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef812cbbedc91813c4aa2d" title="规范解答"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">规范解答</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81c5897cefc3a2e809ee"><span class="notion-default">设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的垂直平分线交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，垂足为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b98b92cf6632a86443"><span class="notion-default">由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中点及 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ec9a93fa8458040bef"><span class="notion-default">又 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81dc8e3bf6db573890bb"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81a09f10d857da90c902"><span class="notion-default">从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef817f814ce55681ee250d"><span class="notion-default">按上面的角度推导，得</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81349bdff39a6f029144"><span class="notion-default">过 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，垂足为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。由于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，设</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef813aa763f8cb502f92bd"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81ba80dfd03f8bb4dd2a"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81bd8dc5fc7339c009d1"><span class="notion-default">又</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81b78f15d39ffe55c57b"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39c2931bceef810fa3e0d20d329474ba"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39c2931bceef810a8787d8c07a704dbb" data-id="39c2931bceef810a8787d8c07a704dbb"><span><div id="39c2931bceef810a8787d8c07a704dbb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef810a8787d8c07a704dbb" title="两个专题共同体现的“数学家式”思考"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">两个专题共同体现的“数学家式”思考</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81e9864be12488946eaf" data-id="39c2931bceef81e9864be12488946eaf"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81e9864be12488946eaf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81e9864be12488946eaf" title="1. 不先问作什么线，先问目标缺什么桥梁"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">1. 不先问作什么线，先问目标缺什么桥梁</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef811ba6e1d5a396b4d859"><li><span class="notion-default">专题一：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 无法直接进入候选三角形，所以要转边；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef8122a5b6c76383778f90"><li><span class="notion-default">专题二第（2）问：设计 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef81c5b058d1c2f55f6376"><li><span class="notion-default">专题二第（3）问：先把 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 换成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81c6aa71f1661891fc5c" data-id="39c2931bceef81c6aa71f1661891fc5c"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81c6aa71f1661891fc5c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81c6aa71f1661891fc5c" title="2. 一条好辅助线通常完成两件以上的事"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">2. 一条好辅助线通常完成两件以上的事</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef8184a382d2a9b50109c2"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：制造 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef812f9208cf01973e6c1a"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：制造 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与直角对应；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef8110b1a1f83ca64ce2b6"><li><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：连接 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和长度；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39c2931bceef812ca452f6b9076bdef0"><li><span class="notion-default">垂直平分线：同时提供中点、垂直和等距。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef8113aa67f90f089822c3" data-id="39c2931bceef8113aa67f90f089822c3"><span><div id="39c2931bceef8113aa67f90f089822c3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef8113aa67f90f089822c3" title="3. 先设计中间结论，再选择模型"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">3. 先设计中间结论，再选择模型</span></span></span></h4><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef817e8f24c482a93d5f73" data-id="39c2931bceef817e8f24c482a93d5f73"><span><div id="39c2931bceef817e8f24c482a93d5f73" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef817e8f24c482a93d5f73" title="4. 识别信号总清单"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">4. 识别信号总清单</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81558ceee30be2de45d7"><span class="notion-default">| 题目信号 | 优先追问 | | --- | --- | | 两直线相交，目标在线交点两侧 | 能否构造8字全等？ | | 已知等边不在候选三角形中 | 能否作垂线、旋转或截长补短完成转边？ | | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与垂直同时出现 | 能否构造等腰直角三角形？ | | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 同时出现 | 能否构造以目标线段为斜边的直角三角形？ | | 点在垂直平分线上 | 能否立即替换成到两端等距？ | | 目标线段相距很远 | 能否设计一个中间量？ | | 斜边和一直角边分别相等 | 能否使用 HL 转移边或角？ |</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39c2931bceef81728e5cf306507caca3" data-id="39c2931bceef81728e5cf306507caca3"><span><div id="39c2931bceef81728e5cf306507caca3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39c2931bceef81728e5cf306507caca3" title="5. 发现过程与证明过程分开"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">5. 发现过程与证明过程分开</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39c2931bceef81519d0edf258cd2541c"><span class="notion-default">发现时可以倒推、试问、寻找中间量；正式证明只保留必要链条。真正要训练的是：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[旋转模型与四边形题解📚]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/rotation-model-and-quadrilateral-solution-20260720</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/rotation-model-and-quadrilateral-solution-20260720</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[解析旋转模型在四边形几何题中的应用，包括等边三角形与旋转、等腰直角三角形与旋转，以及面积和边长的计算方法。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-39a2931bceef81439b7fde725a9dd824"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-39a2931bceef818abbb7ebac926f20f1" data-id="39a2931bceef818abbb7ebac926f20f1"><span><div id="39a2931bceef818abbb7ebac926f20f1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef818abbb7ebac926f20f1" title="旋转相关的心智模型与三道四边形题解"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">旋转相关的心智模型与三道四边形题解</span></span></span></h2><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-39a2931bceef81aca4a9c45e14de9997"><div><span class="notion-default">说明：下文只使用题目文字给出的条件。示意图仅用于辨认各点的顺序，不把“看起来平行、垂直或等长”当作已知条件。</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef816ab42ef556455f6a49" data-id="39a2931bceef816ab42ef556455f6a49"><span><div id="39a2931bceef816ab42ef556455f6a49" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef816ab42ef556455f6a49" title="一、与旋转相关的 mental models"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">一、与旋转相关的 mental models</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81358f5ed094cfe6d2a7" data-id="39a2931bceef81358f5ed094cfe6d2a7"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81358f5ed094cfe6d2a7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81358f5ed094cfe6d2a7" title="1. 旋转是一种“搬运”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">1. 旋转是一种“搬运”</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81c786cdc0032a31b5f6"><span class="notion-default">几何题中的旋转，不只是让图形转动，而是把分散的长度和角搬到同一个位置，使隐藏关系变得可见。旋转前后：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81da9feac1c280d5386b"><li><span class="notion-default">对应线段长度不变；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef810b9abdded5394a5305"><li><span class="notion-default">对应角大小不变；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef814d87e0c08e47a48b60"><li><span class="notion-default">点到旋转中心的距离不变；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81c59c3ff652133a89fd"><li><span class="notion-default">原点、旋转中心、对应点之间的夹角等于旋转角。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81479b27cbd660c170ba"><span class="notion-default">因此，看到“同一顶点发出的两条相等线段”时，可以优先思考：能否以这个顶点为旋转中心，把一条线段转到另一条线段上。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8130a605c1ade2b3c806" data-id="39a2931bceef8130a605c1ade2b3c806"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8130a605c1ade2b3c806" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8130a605c1ade2b3c806" title="2. 使用旋转必须说清四件事"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">2. 使用旋转必须说清四件事</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef814e86cdeeaf89424b7c"><span class="notion-default">一次有效的旋转应明确：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39a2931bceef815c802cdf3b65b69db7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>旋转中心</b></span><span class="notion-default">是谁；</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39a2931bceef81849ecacc19fe74d633" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>旋转方向</b></span><span class="notion-default">是顺时针还是逆时针；</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39a2931bceef81458f42f46226588e0e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>旋转角</b></span><span class="notion-default">是多少；</span></li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39a2931bceef81439d5ef59ba1592efa" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>对应点</b></span><span class="notion-default">是谁变成谁。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef813d9313cb0927e6d9c7"><span class="notion-default">例如：以点 (D) 为中心，将点 (A) 沿四边形内部方向旋转 (60^\circ) 到点 (C)。这里能这样做，是因为 (DA=DC)，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef814aa688f13c4884e7e5" data-id="39a2931bceef814aa688f13c4884e7e5"><span><div id="39a2931bceef814aa688f13c4884e7e5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef814aa688f13c4884e7e5" title="3. 两个常见触发器"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">3. 两个常见触发器</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef812a815fdf0dfde37182"><span class="notion-default">#### 触发器 A：等边三角形与 (60^\circ) 旋转</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8100afc4d68639657a61"><span class="notion-default">若 (DA=DC)，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，那么 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等边三角形。于是，以 (D) 为中心旋转 (60^\circ)，可以使 (A) 与 (C) 重合。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f9a52ec26abc1b9308"><span class="notion-default">这个模型常用于：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81f6a4eef365bd3fe56b"><li><span class="notion-default">转移一条已知长度；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef812f8036f30b391b9793"><li><span class="notion-default">构造全等三角形；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81b58c6bd500911408b9"><li><span class="notion-default">把四边形面积拆成普通三角形与等边三角形的面积。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8171b777eef0434dbde9"><span class="notion-default">#### 触发器 B：等腰直角三角形与 (90^\circ) 旋转</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ce97ddea0c2aa54641"><span class="notion-default">若 (DA=DC)，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，那么 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形。以 (D) 为中心旋转 (90^\circ)，可以使 (A) 与 (C) 重合。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819c8c99c6184168d427"><span class="notion-default">若同时把另一个点 (B) 旋转到 (E)，便有：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef8189a06ac9c681400fb0"><li><span class="notion-default">(CE=AB)；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef8166ac9dd04550fdd3e9"><li><span class="notion-default">(BE=\sqrt2\,BD)，因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 也是等腰直角三角形。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8117bc4bf37ba76a4b9e"><span class="notion-default">这样，原来的最值问题便可转化为三角形三边之间的关系。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef811994e1f10d873c96bc" data-id="39a2931bceef811994e1f10d873c96bc"><span><div id="39a2931bceef811994e1f10d873c96bc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef811994e1f10d873c96bc" title="4. “先转移，再证明”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">4. “先转移，再证明”</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8176af1af1b81727e1f9"><span class="notion-default">遇到长度或角度不在同一个三角形中的情况，不必急着列式。可以先旋转，把已知量转移到目标附近，再使用：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81a88824c0494515d8c0"><li><span class="notion-default">全等三角形；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef8151976bd801cd65aa7f"><li><span class="notion-default">三角形三边关系；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81bc9703ef59d3153297"><li><span class="notion-default">勾股定理；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef818aa60ff5900865dc1a"><li><span class="notion-default">面积公式。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef815488a8c31c7f144def"><span class="notion-default">这就是旋转题的核心思路：</span><span class="notion-default"><b>把难以比较的对象搬到一起，再使用熟悉的基本定理。</b></span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8135901dc04585d53b2a" data-id="39a2931bceef8135901dc04585d53b2a"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8135901dc04585d53b2a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8135901dc04585d53b2a" title="5. 两个常见错误"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">5. 两个常见错误</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81a0a5b4df7004ad0ee3"><li><span class="notion-default">只说“旋转一下”，却没有说明中心、方向、角度和对应点；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-39a2931bceef81efbd70e01e418e1343"><li><span class="notion-default">根据示意图猜测平行、垂直或共线。只有题目给出或经过证明的关系才能使用。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39a2931bceef81f0a892f4fb62c4b2ee"/><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-39a2931bceef807d8b11ee237c768f9d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://file.notion.com/f/f/a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df/af40e6fa-f239-42b1-9828-fe8ec3a8a649/90700182b2fecb06497a79b67b3faea5.jpeg?table=block&amp;id=39a2931b-ceef-807d-8b11-ee237c768f9d&amp;spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;expirationTimestamp=1790841600000&amp;signature=tyODZs8IMBeDHsUI6UWV5iSH6U9sdCwwOUkOLPFxop8&amp;t=39a2931b-ceef-807d-8b11-ee237c768f9d" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef817a8d94eab3ee599198" data-id="39a2931bceef817a8d94eab3ee599198"><span><div id="39a2931bceef817a8d94eab3ee599198" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef817a8d94eab3ee599198" title="二、图1"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">二、图1</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81cab80fd02570058c85" data-id="39a2931bceef81cab80fd02570058c85"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81cab80fd02570058c85" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81cab80fd02570058c85" title="已知"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">已知</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8152b1d1d78fb22f05ab"><span class="notion-default">在四边形 (ABCD) 中，(AD=CD)，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，(AB=4)，(BC=2)。求四边形 (ABCD) 的面积。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8126b7f8c444432d7eb5" data-id="39a2931bceef8126b7f8c444432d7eb5"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8126b7f8c444432d7eb5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8126b7f8c444432d7eb5" title="模型识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">模型识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef818aa117ffb41c7d2be5"><span class="notion-default">(AD=CD)，且夹角 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等边三角形。这对应“以 (D) 为中心的 (60^\circ) 旋转”模型。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81d28c00da8b26d955b0"><span class="notion-default">连接 (AC)，四边形被分成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和等边三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81448768f8b7fdc3b67c" data-id="39a2931bceef81448768f8b7fdc3b67c"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81448768f8b7fdc3b67c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81448768f8b7fdc3b67c" title="计算"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">计算</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8125aa7bd906085a0f51"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，由余弦定理：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81adbcb7cb6c619f7003"><span class="notion-default">因此，等边三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的面积为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef818c9c24c7c556ac5b82"><span class="notion-default">而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef812ab2e6ec58f91e25e1"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39a2931bceef81b4a1d8f46b78bcf665"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef8167aa5ac36505b6ae6e" data-id="39a2931bceef8167aa5ac36505b6ae6e"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8167aa5ac36505b6ae6e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8167aa5ac36505b6ae6e" title="三、图2"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三、图2</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8189a245c47af881b2bc" data-id="39a2931bceef8189a245c47af881b2bc"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8189a245c47af881b2bc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8189a245c47af881b2bc" title="已知"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">已知</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8149a5b2e4581d539051"><span class="notion-default">在四边形 (ABCD) 中，(AD=CD)，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，(AB=4)，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。求四边形 (ABCD) 的面积。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8133a230f6efce06dfc9" data-id="39a2931bceef8133a230f6efce06dfc9"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8133a230f6efce06dfc9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8133a230f6efce06dfc9" title="模型识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">模型识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81018a26dbaf98e34d24"><span class="notion-default">同样地，由 (AD=CD) 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，可知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等边三角形。连接 (AC)，把四边形分成 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81e78df8fab724b9f619" data-id="39a2931bceef81e78df8fab724b9f619"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81e78df8fab724b9f619" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81e78df8fab724b9f619" title="计算"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">计算</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f5a7b4e328fc09f59a"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，由余弦定理：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef812c9302caf62cacb379"><span class="notion-default">因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8153bdbad52e1e6c08d3"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef812bbe90c64b290d5b90"><span class="notion-default">等边三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的面积为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef818aa1fec75eef53e757"><span class="notion-default">又因为</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81359098e8129fb0f74e"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81bfa687fc2368679240"><span class="notion-default">因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39a2931bceef81ea8b8aff20fc577dda"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef80349de6da822b76ad00" data-id="39a2931bceef80349de6da822b76ad00"><span><div id="39a2931bceef80349de6da822b76ad00" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef80349de6da822b76ad00" title="方案二：旋转并连接辅助线"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>方案二：旋转并连接辅助线</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef800391fcdade9f293ae4">这一方案不先求对角线 (AC)，而是通过旋转把四边形补成一个大等边三角形。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef803481ccd88b52c897c2">以点 (D) 为中心，将 △𝐵⁢𝐶⁢𝐷 沿使 (C) 落到 (A) 的方向旋转 (60^\circ)。设点 (B) 的对应点为 (B&#x27;)，连接辅助线 (BB&#x27;) 和 (AB&#x27;)。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80f5977feb99acffa58a">旋转后有</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80daaa2cfd22d40e30d4">𝐶⟶𝐴,𝐵⟶𝐵′.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8027b273ddf8b8ce08e7">因此</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80a0bda3f4f064b34246">𝐷⁢𝐵=𝐷⁢𝐵′,∠𝐵⁢𝐷⁢𝐵′=60∘,</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef809d93d6e74aba641086">所以 △𝐷⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′ 是等边三角形。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef806ca971e135eec80f79">同时，旋转保持长度和角度不变，故</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80058e71fdd026ec9054">𝐴⁢𝐵′=𝐵⁢𝐶=2⁢√2.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef808984b8d2ff637f7707">下面求 ∠𝐵⁢𝐴⁢𝐵′。以射线 (BC) 的方向为 (0^\circ)，则射线 (BA) 的方向为 (75^\circ)，所以反向射线 (AB) 的方向为 (255^\circ)。射线 (CB) 的方向为 (180^\circ)，它随图形顺时针旋转 (60^\circ) 后成为射线 (AB&#x27;)，方向为 (120^\circ)。因此两条射线 (AB) 与 (AB&#x27;) 的较小夹角为</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80d28303c98e8178888d">∠𝐵⁢𝐴⁢𝐵′=255∘−120∘=135∘.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80cc8243dd2cf2458e59">于是，在 △𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′ 中，由余弦定理：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8041b6f9dc6ae9731ad3">𝐵⁢𝐵′2=𝐴⁢𝐵2+𝐴⁢𝐵′2−2⋅𝐴⁢𝐵⋅𝐴⁢𝐵′⁢cos⁡135∘</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80618a72e9d9957d1e3e">=42+(2⁢√2)2−2⋅4⋅2⁢√2⋅(−√22)=40.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80e9831bd9d4569ab7ca">所以</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8087baa1f805b69b14e7">𝐵⁢𝐵′=2⁢√10.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80cf8461f759eaf1e1f9">等边三角形 𝐷⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′ 的面积为</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80b8b295df96530ef879">𝑆△𝐷⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′=√34⁢(2⁢√10)2=10⁢√3.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef800f828fc78ff807d55b">而</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef809093e2f67175dfd66d">𝑆△𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′=12⋅𝐴⁢𝐵⋅𝐴⁢𝐵′⁢sin⁡135∘=12⋅4⋅2⁢√2⋅√22=4.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80f2814ccff8f24856b6">旋转使 △𝐵⁢𝐶⁢𝐷 ≅△𝐵′⁢𝐴⁢𝐷。从图形的内外关系可知，原四边形与 △𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′ 正好拼成等边三角形 𝐷⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′，因此</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef802f92f3f259b9920d77">𝑆𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐶⁢𝐷=𝑆△𝐷⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′−𝑆△𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐵′.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80119211cbca8e2253ef">所以</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80b2a46dd616a27ab45b">𝑆𝐴⁢𝐵⁢𝐶⁢𝐷=10⁢√3−4.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef80abb1f2e5ea5dcb8771">这一方案的核心辅助线只有 (BB&#x27;)：它把旋转产生的两个等长半径连起来，从而显露出等边三角形；(AB&#x27;) 则用于计算被挖去的小三角形面积。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef81438fdcd83a14755651" data-id="39a2931bceef81438fdcd83a14755651"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81438fdcd83a14755651" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81438fdcd83a14755651" title="四、图3"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">四、图3</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81b8bc81e291022e19a2" data-id="39a2931bceef81b8bc81e291022e19a2"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81b8bc81e291022e19a2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81b8bc81e291022e19a2" title="已知"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">已知</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8120a6bddca3c0bc54d7"><span class="notion-default">在四边形 (ABCD) 中，(AD=CD)，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，(AB=4)，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且 (B、C) 两点在直线 (AD) 的同侧。求 (BC) 的最小值。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81069838d4ca4cdd31bf" data-id="39a2931bceef81069838d4ca4cdd31bf"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81069838d4ca4cdd31bf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81069838d4ca4cdd31bf" title="模型识别与旋转构造"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">模型识别与旋转构造</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef817aafd3e386cc4d349b"><span class="notion-default">由 (AD=CD) 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，可知 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f88d52d234ad95977d"><span class="notion-default">以点 (D) 为旋转中心，沿使 (A) 与 (C) 重合的方向旋转 (90^\circ)，并设点 (B) 的对应点为 (E)。于是：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef815db8d5ca30c0694bb0"><span class="notion-default">旋转保持长度不变，因此</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8188b936f778977d0f29"><span class="notion-default">又因为 (DB=DE)，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是等腰直角三角形，从而</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81cf9d2dedc3243de6e6" data-id="39a2931bceef81cf9d2dedc3243de6e6"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81cf9d2dedc3243de6e6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81cf9d2dedc3243de6e6" title="求最小值"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">求最小值</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f4b5b8d646d839015c"><span class="notion-default">在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中，由三角形两边之差小于或等于第三边：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef816ab849c802153abe90"><span class="notion-default">所以</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef811cbb00cc18552804d7"><span class="notion-default">当 (B、C、E) 三点共线，且 (C) 在线段 (BE) 上时取等号；该位置与题设“(B、C) 在直线 (AD) 的同侧”相容，因此等号能够取得。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81059cc0f38925bd2e3b"><span class="notion-default">故</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-39a2931bceef8165ae55ef57323716b2"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef81bca6ebc7d1549da685" data-id="39a2931bceef81bca6ebc7d1549da685"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81bca6ebc7d1549da685" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81bca6ebc7d1549da685" title="五、结果汇总与检查"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">五、结果汇总与检查</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81638403c6272a5d9246"><span class="notion-default">| 小题 | 关键旋转结构                    | 结果            | | ---- | ------------------------------- | --------------- | | 图1  | 等边三角形，(60^\circ) 旋转     | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">     | | 图2  | 等边三角形，(60^\circ) 旋转     | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">  | | 图3  | 等腰直角三角形，(90^\circ) 旋转 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> |</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ce9936c541ff84bbac"><span class="notion-default">图1、图2的面积结果可分别由三角形面积分拆复核；图3的最小值可由旋转后 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的三边关系复核。整个推导没有使用示意图中未明确给出的平行或垂直关系。</span></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[数学解题经典AI教练：知识转化技能方法 📚]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/math-classic-ai-coach-knowledge-to-skills-20260701</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/math-classic-ai-coach-knowledge-to-skills-20260701</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[探索如何将三本数学经典转化为AI解题教练，帮助孩子提升解题能力，涵盖波利亚、弗里德曼等专家思维。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-39a2931bceef8164b8dfd8ff30265f11"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-39a2931bceef810cbd64e1d9ff202882" data-id="39a2931bceef810cbd64e1d9ff202882"><span><div id="39a2931bceef810cbd64e1d9ff202882" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef810cbd64e1d9ff202882" title="让三本数学解题经典成为孩子的AI解题教练：一种将知识转化为技能的实用方法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">让三本数学解题经典成为孩子的AI解题教练：一种将知识转化为技能的实用方法</span></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81df8a1fd04cfd108cfd"><span class="notion-default">很多家长都有过这样的经历：孩子在课堂上似乎理解了老师讲的内容，但回到家里遇到一道新题目时，又会感到困惑。他们可能会刷很多题目，但成绩却没有稳定的提高。有时，他们会向AI寻求答案，AI会很快给出解决方案，但孩子看完后只是点头，下次遇到类似问题时仍然会卡住。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8174b1bde4d357a2e79e"><span class="notion-default">这背后有一个关键的区别：会看答案和会解题是两回事。真正的数学能力不仅仅是记住公式和套路，更重要的是知道如何面对陌生的题目，如何观察、拆解、猜测、验证和总结方法。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819fabc1f165981921ec"><span class="notion-default">波利亚和弗里德曼等数学教育经典对此有着深刻的见解。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef8199bfb0f82bac5ef6c7" data-id="39a2931bceef8199bfb0f82bac5ef6c7"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8199bfb0f82bac5ef6c7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8199bfb0f82bac5ef6c7" title="AI可以讲题，但孩子不一定会解题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">AI可以讲题，但孩子不一定会解题</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f79808ccc124a761d3"><span class="notion-default">现在，很多家长已经习惯使用AI来辅导孩子。拍一道题，AI可以立刻给出步骤；输入一句“请详细讲解”，它也能生成一长串推导。但是，问题也很明显：孩子容易变成“听懂型学习者”，看着答案觉得合理，但自己做时却不知道从哪里开始。家长也很难判断AI是否真正在训练孩子的思维，还是只是把标准答案换了一种说法。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ea8b19f48b406d2dd8"><span class="notion-default">尤其是在数学学习中，最难的往往不是最后的计算，而是前面的隐性过程：题目到底要求什么？已知条件中哪些真的有用？这道题像以前做过的哪一类？能不能先试一个特殊情况？能不能把复杂问题变成更简单的问题？得到答案后，怎样检查它是否合理？如果这些问题没有被训练，孩子刷再多题，也可能只是在积累“见过的题”，而不是积累“解决新题的能力”。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef81b089d7fe82d1f9e7e1" data-id="39a2931bceef81b089d7fe82d1f9e7e1"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81b089d7fe82d1f9e7e1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81b089d7fe82d1f9e7e1" title="普通AI辅导太容易直接给答案"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">普通AI辅导太容易直接给答案</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8156ae3bd9cbaf0d9a31"><span class="notion-default">家长真正需要的，不只是一个“会算题的AI”，而是一个“会带孩子思考的AI”。普通AI的弱点在于，它默认追求快速完成任务。你问一道题，它倾向于直接给完整解法；你说“讲详细一点”，它就把步骤展开；你说“再简单点”，它就换一种口吻。这当然有用，但它不一定适合深度辅导。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef813aa445c22a9921590e"><span class="notion-default">深度辅导需要AI先判断孩子卡在哪里：是没读懂题，还是没有图示？是不会找方法，还是计算过程出错？是答案没检查，还是做完之后没有总结同类题的识别信号？这类判断不能只靠“泛泛的讲题能力”。它需要一套稳定的专家框架。这就是</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">book-to-skill</code></span><span class="notion-default">的价值：把经典书里的专家思维，提前沉淀成一个可调用的Agent Skill。运行时，AI不需要一次性读完整本书，而是先加载主控框架，再按需读取章节、模式、速查表和术语表。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81608a79d86415983a7b"><span class="notion-default">换句话说，它不是把书变成一篇摘要，而是把书变成一个能工作的“专家脑力插件”。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef810ca6e0d8d21e5cc3f4" data-id="39a2931bceef810ca6e0d8d21e5cc3f4"><span><div id="39a2931bceef810ca6e0d8d21e5cc3f4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef810ca6e0d8d21e5cc3f4" title="数学解题能力本来就是一套可训练的流程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">数学解题能力本来就是一套可训练的流程</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81cabd9df326d52bd19e"><span class="notion-default">这次整理成skill的三本书，正好覆盖了数学解题训练中最核心的三层能力。第一本是波利亚的</span><em><span class="notion-default">How to Solve It</span></em><span class="notion-default">，它最著名的是四阶段解题框架：理解题目、制定计划、执行计划、回顾反思。家长可以把它理解为孩子遇到任何题时的基础导航仪。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8197bd1fd68d15dca4a1"><span class="notion-default">第二本是波利亚的《数学与猜想 第1卷：数学中的归纳和类比》。这本书更关注数学发现：怎样通过观察形成猜想，怎样用归纳、类比、一般化、特殊化去寻找规律。它训练的是孩子面对陌生题时的“探索能力”。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819c99fdd65685b6170f"><span class="notion-default">第三本是弗里德曼的《怎样学会解数学题》。它把解题过程拆得更细：分析习题、作图示、寻找解题方法、进行解答、检验题解、讨论习题、陈述答案、分析题解。它特别适合用来做中小学数学的过程诊断。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81fab677f5b65e3b3a51"><span class="notion-default">三本书合在一起，刚好形成一个很实用的闭环：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81e6b379de2a6c4dc9d8"><span class="notion-default">| 书 | 主要贡献 | 对孩子的帮助 |</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef814da059f53c928aac15"><span class="notion-default">|---|---|---|</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef816aa988ef5ef3e17e5b"><span class="notion-default">| _How to Solve It_ | 四阶段解题法和启发式提问 | 知道解题时该按什么顺序思考 |</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8165acdecf93839ab08d"><span class="notion-default">| 《数学与猜想》 | 归纳、类比、一般化、特殊化 | 学会从例子中发现规律和提出猜想 |</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81c6bcdbea57cc21b11e"><span class="notion-default">| 《怎样学会解数学题》 | 细化的解题过程和题型分析 | 找出自己到底卡在哪个环节 |</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81acab6bc35a3c6299ef"><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">book-to-skill</code></span><span class="notion-default">做的事情，就是把这些书的核心方法编译成结构化文件：</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">SKILL.md</code></span><span class="notion-default">放全局心智模型，</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">patterns.md</code></span><span class="notion-default">放可复用模式，</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">cheatsheet.md</code></span><span class="notion-default">放决策表，</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">chapters/</code></span><span class="notion-default">放按需加载的章节卡片。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8103b903ccc85a50b960"><span class="notion-default">这样，AI不再只是“会讲数学”，而是可以按这些经典框架来辅导孩子。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef812aa916dc34876a14ee" data-id="39a2931bceef812aa916dc34876a14ee"><span><div id="39a2931bceef812aa916dc34876a14ee" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef812aa916dc34876a14ee" title="把三本书变成一个按需调用的解题教练"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">把三本书变成一个按需调用的解题教练</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef817c8ee3c4c9ee6d943c"><span class="notion-default">在这个项目里，三本书已经被整理成一个较短名称的skill：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81deab22de5c9de28c8a"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81e794c7ed2987218ec6"><span class="notion-default">polya-friedman-solving</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81cf836dc85d6fb86da1"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef814a83e6cabd756cbe19"><span class="notion-default">它的使用方式可以非常接地气。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef816e989cf7025b61073e" data-id="39a2931bceef816e989cf7025b61073e"><span><div id="39a2931bceef816e989cf7025b61073e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef816e989cf7025b61073e" title="1. 先让AI判断孩子卡在哪一步"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">1. 先让AI判断孩子卡在哪一步</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81d6a01ce9b2a741cc5f"><span class="notion-default">很多时候，家长不需要AI直接讲答案，而是需要它判断孩子为什么不会。可以这样问：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f2a511f21041c8b795"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81089491ef9653590e23"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef810581a3f09790269b0c"><span class="notion-default">孩子做这道题卡住了。请不要直接给答案，先按弗里德曼的解题过程判断：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f9b489d9ab0d9a3d34"><span class="notion-default">他现在可能卡在分析题目、作图示、寻找方法、执行计算、检验答案中的哪一步？</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81e8ab03de165c3cfcc1"><span class="notion-default">然后只提出第一个引导问题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef814baa92fcc9faab79e6"><span class="notion-default">题目是：[贴题目]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8152881ef457a6622b7e"><span class="notion-default">孩子目前的想法是：[贴孩子草稿或口述]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef817ca985de0d28347de6"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81c49006f476ee179608"><span class="notion-default">这种问法的好处是，AI会优先做“诊断”，而不是直接输出标准答案。如果孩子连题目要求都说不清，AI应该回到“条件和要求”；如果孩子有图但不会动，AI应该追问“图中哪些关系能连接到目标”；如果孩子算出答案但没检查，AI应该引导他代回原题或讨论条件。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81b8819fdeb5dd0b62ae" data-id="39a2931bceef81b8819fdeb5dd0b62ae"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81b8819fdeb5dd0b62ae" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81b8819fdeb5dd0b62ae" title="2. 用cheatsheet.md做快速决策"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">2. 用</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">cheatsheet.md</code></span><span class="notion-default">做快速决策</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8115ad8af79af4bbc7fc"><span class="notion-default">当家长不知道该怎么提示孩子时，可以让AI对照速查表来选下一步。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef815697bfcc8f93fabe31"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81b4873ff147ccc9d493"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ac97fbc63225c06a66"><span class="notion-default">请结合cheatsheet.md的诊断表，帮我判断这道题下一步应该提示孩子什么。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819bb8baea83716c3a81"><span class="notion-default">要求：不要泄露关键解法，只给一个最小提示。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8157a621c6f3c0579b79"><span class="notion-default">题目：[贴题目]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81d5b231c243e73ddb47"><span class="notion-default">孩子已经做到：[贴当前步骤]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81d4a8eac420befca316"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8154b4dff4dce2cd1f76"><span class="notion-default">这类提示适合日常陪写作业。它能避免家长一着急就把关键步骤说出来，也能避免AI一次性把整题讲完。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef8171b93ad4deada1bf1f" data-id="39a2931bceef8171b93ad4deada1bf1f"><span><div id="39a2931bceef8171b93ad4deada1bf1f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef8171b93ad4deada1bf1f" title="3. 用patterns.md检查孩子是不是踩了反模式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">3. 用</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">patterns.md</code></span><span class="notion-default">检查孩子是不是踩了反模式</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef813890efeec5f41d60f8"><span class="notion-default">有些孩子不是不会算，而是习惯性地犯同类错误：看见数字就列式，没分析条件；看到几何题就画图，但图上没有标关键关系；证明题从结论倒推，却没有保证步骤可逆。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef814ea39efad4eb48652b"><span class="notion-default">可以这样用：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef816f88f6c3e0e494e4e6"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81458cd8cdeca8fb6652"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81fb81dbc2241fd86139"><span class="notion-default">请对照patterns.md里的模式和反模式，分析孩子这份解题过程的问题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81cb8f81d2fb6cad0e32"><span class="notion-default">重点看：是否跳过题目分析、是否选错表示方式、是否进行了不等价变形、是否缺少检验。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8164b6defd7a48dde6f6"><span class="notion-default">草稿如下：[贴草稿]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819b8f7ed56d8dc2a39b"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8114ab80f643c3833c25"><span class="notion-default">这比简单说“你这里错了”更有教育价值。孩子需要知道自己错在“哪个解题环节”，而不是只知道“这一题错了”。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef81c6aa0ad7ecbd789da7" data-id="39a2931bceef81c6aa0ad7ecbd789da7"><span><div id="39a2931bceef81c6aa0ad7ecbd789da7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef81c6aa0ad7ecbd789da7" title="4. 遇到难题时按需加载章节"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">4. 遇到难题时按需加载章节</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f2b858ffa42f93a02e"><span class="notion-default">复杂题不要让AI泛泛发挥。可以直接指定相关章节。比如孩子在数列、整除、规律猜想中卡住，可以调用归纳方法：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef810e836ed1c53f481e05"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ef9f50c6bd946b1e8b"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving ch09</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef815ca060df5d3299e0f6"><span class="notion-default">请用ch09的归纳方法辅导这道题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef817db350f7250b3e0a58"><span class="notion-default">不要直接证明，先引导孩子列出前几个特殊情况，形成猜想，再讨论如何验证。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81329241c3ef88fe264c"><span class="notion-default">题目：[贴题目]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81debf2bf95cea3da7d0"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ee83fdea58199ef79b"><span class="notion-default">如果是类比、一般化、特殊化的问题：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef813283d8f469b9bd08ee"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef811ab616c525715bfc99"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving ch10</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81578b89ffb83b97c24d"><span class="notion-default">请用一般化、特殊化、类比的思路，带孩子探索这道题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81fcb613cadb959b69af"><span class="notion-default">先问问题，不要直接给完整解答。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f89c99ff4fb3397ef4"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef817995cbff0d5c568b8d"><span class="notion-default">如果是证明题：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef819c8cc2f0446ca2df09"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef810d8358fe6961d4e8f8"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving ch17</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81669d69c2d0b3296230"><span class="notion-default">请按证明题的方法辅导：先区分条件和结论，再判断适合直接证明、反证法、倒推搜索还是数学归纳法。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef816fa0d2cbeb2443f839"><span class="notion-default">题目：[贴题目]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81249c12cd17ea5efc1d"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81e38ffefa8e5bbaa564"><span class="notion-default">按需加载的意义在于：AI此时不是凭空“讲数学”，而是在一个明确的专家框架内工作。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-39a2931bceef810c9be7fa5b1aacc24a" data-id="39a2931bceef810c9be7fa5b1aacc24a"><span><div id="39a2931bceef810c9be7fa5b1aacc24a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef810c9be7fa5b1aacc24a" title="5. 用苏格拉底式辅导替代“标准答案投喂”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">5. 用苏格拉底式辅导替代“标准答案投喂”</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8143818aca62c6f20d9a"><span class="notion-default">最推荐家长使用的是这种模式：</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef810998f2da96203ef7d4"><span class="notion-default">```text</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8111b9dbd179aeb27f56"><span class="notion-default">/polya-friedman-solving</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81f997c5c995545f24da"><span class="notion-default">我希望你做一个数学解题教练。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8101a711e4afc2d06eec"><span class="notion-default">请结合波利亚和弗里德曼的方法，不要直接给最终答案。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81459a23d1d38ccd28a4"><span class="notion-default">你每次只问一个问题，等孩子回答后再继续。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81e389d3dc282863684d"><span class="notion-default">如果孩子的思路有漏洞，请指出漏洞，但仍然不要直接代做。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81cd9b74dc5c7f5697fb"><span class="notion-default">题目是：[贴题目]</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8110be3bdbdfc38ea76f"><span class="notion-default">我们一步一步来，请先问第一个问题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81a18f36e01482dd5319"><span class="notion-default">```</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef8180b937cdc3cce57d12"><span class="notion-default">这个模式非常适合培养孩子的独立性。AI的角色不再是“答案机器”，而更像一个耐心的老师：先让孩子说出条件和要求，再引导他画图、分类、寻找相似题、尝试特殊情况，最后再检查答案和总结方法。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39a2931bceef813e84c3ca352f4a45e9" data-id="39a2931bceef813e84c3ca352f4a45e9"><span><div id="39a2931bceef813e84c3ca352f4a45e9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39a2931bceef813e84c3ca352f4a45e9" title="家长最应该关注的不是答案，而是“下一次能不能自己开始”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">家长最应该关注的不是答案，而是“下一次能不能自己开始”</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81ecbf2cc3e2dc5fce61"><span class="notion-default">数学学习里有一个很朴素的判断标准：孩子下次遇到相似但不完全一样的题，能不能自己开始？如果不能，说明这次学习没有真正沉淀为能力。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef81928dc0e1e7bb3e2707"><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">book-to-skill</code></span><span class="notion-default">的实用性就在这里。它把三本经典书中的方法提前整理好，让AI在辅导时有一套稳定的专家框架：什么时候追问条件，什么时候要求图示，什么时候让孩子试特殊情况，什么时候提醒不能把猜想当证明，什么时候让孩子回头分析题解。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef818db6e5f8ab53595cf9"><span class="notion-default">对家长来说，它不是一个更花哨的AI工具，而是一种更可靠的陪学方式。你不必成为数学教育专家，也可以让AI按专家的思维框架来工作。真正的目标不是让AI替孩子解更多题，而是让孩子在一次次被正确提问、正确诊断、正确复盘的过程中，逐渐学会自己解题。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-39a2931bceef818faafbc58d48aa504f"><span class="notion-default">这才是三本书和</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">book-to-skill</code></span><span class="notion-default">结合后最值得使用的地方：把经典方法从书架上搬下来，变成每天都能调用的解题教练。</span></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-39a2931bceef807fa3dde9b525273f10"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[K-12数学思维与逆向拆题家长指南📚]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/k12-math-thinking-and-reverse-problem-solving-guide-20260720</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/k12-math-thinking-and-reverse-problem-solving-guide-20260720</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[本指南为家长提供跨学段数学辅导策略，涵盖12本数学教育书籍精华，助您掌握辅导技巧，让孩子从一道题学会解题方法。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3842931bceef810c89d7f29a91a1b75f"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef81eb952ff92ae0101ad3" data-id="3842931bceef81eb952ff92ae0101ad3"><span><div id="3842931bceef81eb952ff92ae0101ad3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81eb952ff92ae0101ad3" title="K-12数学思维与逆向拆题家长指南"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">K-12数学思维与逆向拆题家长指南</span></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81f7ad31c4a2cc16d70b"><span class="notion-default">面向家长的跨学段数学辅导手册。本文档基于 12 本本地数学教育与解题源书整理，目标是让读者只阅读这一份指南，也能知道每本源书的大意、各书之间的分工、每个学段该怎样辅导，以及一道题如何变成一组题。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81adaa59dc2c8c9c0023" data-id="3842931bceef81adaa59dc2c8c9c0023"><span><div id="3842931bceef81adaa59dc2c8c9c0023" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81adaa59dc2c8c9c0023" title="目录"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">目录</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81668718d4a0907d9823"><li><span class="notion-default">封面</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8183a403ec1e9ca4baf3"><li><span class="notion-default">目录</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ab8fb6d054d7b2eac3"><li><span class="notion-default">本版结构说明</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d29d93c65feb09ec11"><li><span class="notion-default">K-12数学思维跨学段冲突与共识地图</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81dbbeb3e6504093bd1c"><li><span class="notion-default">幼儿园数学思维深度报告</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ff82edd27c971e63f7"><li><span class="notion-default">小学数学思维深度报告</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81028aaac94c4bccb3ed"><li><span class="notion-default">初中数学思维深度报告</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8170aa68ef33bed0caef"><li><span class="notion-default">高中数学思维深度报告</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8109a93cffdba495c19c" data-id="3842931bceef8109a93cffdba495c19c"><span><div id="3842931bceef8109a93cffdba495c19c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8109a93cffdba495c19c" title="本版结构说明"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">本版结构说明</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8169a12dccccb78eaf4f"><span class="notion-default">本版先按理论根源和方法功能重排书目，再提炼跨书共识与冲突，最后进入逐学段、逐本书、逐题型的操作卡。它不按书名流水账摘要，而是让每本书回答三个问题：它站在哪条方法线上，它解决孩子数学学习中的哪个痛点，家长拿到手后第一步怎么做。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81ab8c97cdf7d2b7972d"><span class="notion-default">每个学段都保留“三层架构”：骨架回答这一阶段的主线，血肉保留源书证据，灵魂转化为家长可直接使用的辅导话术。每本源书都附“逐本源书速读”，避免读者必须回到原 PDF 才知道这本书讲什么。</span></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef815f9a63cff9016b8bf1" data-id="3842931bceef815f9a63cff9016b8bf1"><span><div id="3842931bceef815f9a63cff9016b8bf1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef815f9a63cff9016b8bf1" title="K-12数学思维跨学段冲突与共识地图"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">K-12数学思维跨学段冲突与共识地图</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8131aa48e9965e71c247" data-id="3842931bceef8131aa48e9965e71c247"><span><div id="3842931bceef8131aa48e9965e71c247" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8131aa48e9965e71c247" title="真实方法分类"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">真实方法分类</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81029b84ec167603192a"><li><span class="notion-default">具身概念派：幼儿园和小学低段最需要这一派。核心不是提前算，而是通过实物、动作、语言建立数量、空间、分类、比较等核心概念。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81399dcef8d96f18b319"><li><span class="notion-default">数感结构派：小学阶段的主轴。它关心单位、分数、比例、估算、运算意义，反对只背算法。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81049dc9e22e11818323"><li><span class="notion-default">解题启发派：初中阶段开始变得关键。它把“不会下手”拆成审题、找联系、建模、执行、回顾。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81efa60ef4e4f149634f"><li><span class="notion-default">思维训练派：贯穿初高中。它把分类讨论、数形结合、转化、归纳、证明等思维动作显性化。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81609de9e7d6a776d7d0"><li><span class="notion-default">高阶变化派：高中阶段的主轴。它把函数、导数、极限、参数变化组织成“研究变化”的模型。</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81dfbe17fe5b5fb8d094" data-id="3842931bceef81dfbe17fe5b5fb8d094"><span><div id="3842931bceef81dfbe17fe5b5fb8d094" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81dfbe17fe5b5fb8d094" title="跨学段演进"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">跨学段演进</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812e9f29f36e312e4b79"><li><span class="notion-default">数形结合：幼儿园是实物、图形和位置；小学是线段图、面积图和数轴；初中是几何图形与代数式互译；高中是函数图像、解析几何和导数图像。共识是图像是理解关系的入口，冲突是过早符号化会压掉直觉，过晚符号化又会限制推理。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f5a080dc8d26abecba"><li><span class="notion-default">分类讨论：幼儿园按一个可见标准分类；小学按单位、题型、条件分类；初中按参数、图形位置、方程根分类；高中按函数性质、参数范围、边界条件分类。共识是分类必须有同一标准，冲突是低学段重操作，高学段重完备性。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ff9b87dd6f41d93cbe"><li><span class="notion-default">逆向拆题：幼儿园先说清楚“要我做什么”；小学从问题倒找已知条件；初中从结论倒推所需关系；高中从目标形式倒推模型与条件。共识是先看目标再组织条件，冲突是刷题流派常从题型入口，建模流派从关系入口。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811fb6fcdce6742987e5"><li><span class="notion-default">举一反三：幼儿园换材料不换关系；小学换数字、换问法、换图形；初中换结构、换条件、换证明路径；高中换参数、换模型、换边界。共识是变式要保留核心不变量，冲突是表面换数不等于迁移。</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81078fbbd237f0052403" data-id="3842931bceef81078fbbd237f0052403"><span><div id="3842931bceef81078fbbd237f0052403" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81078fbbd237f0052403" title="全局结论"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">全局结论</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8163a522d7c123a786e3"><span class="notion-default">四个学段的共同底层动作是：看见关系、换一种表示、改变一个条件、检查模型是否仍然成立。冲突主要来自“抽象化的时机”：幼儿园和小学低段需要材料与图像，高中需要把直觉压缩为可证明、可迁移的结构。</span></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef81d8aea6cdfe5c2da9f9" data-id="3842931bceef81d8aea6cdfe5c2da9f9"><span><div id="3842931bceef81d8aea6cdfe5c2da9f9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81d8aea6cdfe5c2da9f9" title="幼儿园数学思维深度报告"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">幼儿园数学思维深度报告</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81c896bec54b31477314" data-id="3842931bceef81c896bec54b31477314"><span><div id="3842931bceef81c896bec54b31477314" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81c896bec54b31477314" title="原文来源"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原文来源</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81628cf3ebf56c0708d9"><li><span class="notion-default">儿童怎样学习数学 父母和教师指南 (（英）利贝克</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f3bbf4c3e9a60bbad1"><li><span class="notion-default">幼儿数学核心概念-教什么-怎么教. (美国埃里克森儿童研究中心)</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81668606e9ba7fdbc76c" data-id="3842931bceef81668606e9ba7fdbc76c"><span><div id="3842931bceef81668606e9ba7fdbc76c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81668606e9ba7fdbc76c" title="三层架构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三层架构</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81e8b9bcdbad7845dc75" data-id="3842931bceef81e8b9bcdbad7845dc75"><span><div id="3842931bceef81e8b9bcdbad7845dc75" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81e8b9bcdbad7845dc75" title="骨架"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">骨架</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81579cbceb30b9ce1b18"><span class="notion-default">幼儿园阶段的主线是：用看得见、摸得着、能移动的材料建立数量、形状、空间和分类经验。 本报告只使用上列本地文件抽取到的原文线索，避免凭记忆扩写。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8152afbae6bc680d7ca3" data-id="3842931bceef8152afbae6bc680d7ca3"><span><div id="3842931bceef8152afbae6bc680d7ca3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8152afbae6bc680d7ca3" title="血肉"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">血肉</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8140bc96f88a0d13db97"><span class="notion-default">可追溯原文证据：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816ca271d893e75ddcfc"><li><span class="notion-default">《儿童怎样学习数学 父母和教师指南 (（英）利贝克》：&quot;和&quot;三&quot;的其他事例,扩大“五&quot;比“三?这个概念的应用范围。在一场足球赛里， 我队得了五分,另--队得了三分,谁赢了?简是五岁,她的妹妹三岁,谁大? (尽管幼儿并不真正懂得“我五岁她三岁&quot;和&quot;我比她大&quot;的意思, 他们还是会讲这两句话的。) 假设罗杰数清楚了一排果子是七个,他还会说:*有七个果子s?不知怎么这一排果子被弄乱了。我们问他; “现在有几个（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811bbbbdcaa9136075fa"><li><span class="notion-default">《幼儿数学核心概念-教什么-怎么教. (美国埃里克森儿童研究中心)》：最新的脑神经科学的研究结果背道而驰。研究表明,儿童数学能力的发展远远早于中学阶段,儿童早期数学经验与其未来的成功密切相关。因此,丰富的早期数学学习经验是激发幼儿学习潜能,迎接21 世纪挑战的重要准备。 在没有系统的数学课程和教学的阶段,幼儿已经通过与物体和他人的交往和接触,开始发展非正式的数学理解。他们有很多机会思考和比较物体的数量,获得有关空间关（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8162ae4fd591a58e112e" data-id="3842931bceef8162ae4fd591a58e112e"><span><div id="3842931bceef8162ae4fd591a58e112e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8162ae4fd591a58e112e" title="灵魂"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">灵魂</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81e7bd49d56767616c33"><span class="notion-default">给家长的操作原则：不要先写式子，先让孩子拿物体、分一分、摆一摆、说一说。 每次辅导都让孩子先讲题意，再动手或画图，最后才写算式和答案。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef814c900af109ac229363" data-id="3842931bceef814c900af109ac229363"><span><div id="3842931bceef814c900af109ac229363" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef814c900af109ac229363" title="餐巾纸数学公式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">餐巾纸数学公式</span></span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3842931bceef81398e3ddcbb1670da7c"><div><span class="notion-default">数学感 = 动手摆一摆 + 说出为什么 + 换个材料再试一次</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81f3b7ecc7fba36e9b82" data-id="3842931bceef81f3b7ecc7fba36e9b82"><span><div id="3842931bceef81f3b7ecc7fba36e9b82" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81f3b7ecc7fba36e9b82" title="逐本源书速读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">逐本源书速读</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81ee847acbfb4c429061"><span class="notion-default">这一节不按书名堆摘要，而是让每本书回答三个编辑问题：它解决什么问题，它提供什么模型，家长拿到后第一步怎么用。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81828488d6dd39f8a61b" data-id="3842931bceef81828488d6dd39f8a61b"><span><div id="3842931bceef81828488d6dd39f8a61b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81828488d6dd39f8a61b" title="《儿童怎样学习数学 父母和教师指南 (（英）利贝克》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《儿童怎样学习数学 父母和教师指南 (（英）利贝克》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81eba15ef71541d04162"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：解释儿童如何从真实经验中形成数学理解，提醒成人不要把成人算法直接塞给孩子。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8115b2bcd1cd2c326560"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：儿童建构模型：动作经验 -&gt; 口头解释 -&gt; 符号记录。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef817e90aef7e57c1f82a4"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：孩子不是先懂符号再懂数学，而是先在行动里遇见关系。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8149a3c1ffb3863ac745"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：遇到比较、多少、分配问题时，先让孩子用实物演示，再引入数字。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816096c8d6a61f5e364a"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：能有一些孩子已经接近于具有容量守恒概念，以上数字还是能证明教学肯定是起了作用,加速了许多孩子的发展进程。 以上引自布鲁纳的著作,取其大意, 不是原文。 儿童的推理能力皮亚杰认为, 儿童在到达“具体操作时期&quot;之前, 不可能做出“传递推理&quot;。而“具体操作时期”起始于七岁或更晚一些。 这个理论象是不对。我就多次看到过六岁的孩子运用了 = 了, = ,所以（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81afa88ff88cf6161a22" data-id="3842931bceef81afa88ff88cf6161a22"><span><div id="3842931bceef81afa88ff88cf6161a22" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81afa88ff88cf6161a22" title="《幼儿数学核心概念-教什么-怎么教. (美国埃里克森儿童研究中心)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《幼儿数学核心概念-教什么-怎么教. (美国埃里克森儿童研究中心)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81459f3ac9e3bdd3ea39"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：幼儿数学不是提前刷题，而是让孩子在数量、形状、空间、比较、分类中形成核心概念。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8107936ef847b720ca95"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：核心概念先行：经验活动 -&gt; 语言表达 -&gt; 多材料迁移。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8191a126f752e2bbfab6"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：幼儿阶段最重要的不是会算，而是知道“为什么这样分、这样数、这样比”。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef814583bfda7a032938bf"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：准备积木、纽扣、纸片等材料，每次只练一个概念，让孩子先摆再说。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812192d3faee9f9665c3"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：学提示 191 核心概念表集合的核心概念数感的核心概念数数的核心概念数运算的核心概念模式的核心概念测量的核心概念数据分析的核心概念空间关系的核心概念图形的核心概念集合的核心概念内容核心概念示例集合与分类息根据物体的属性对集 “ 四颜色、大小形状、物合进行分类。 体的种类等。 同一组物体可以按不 4 &amp; . ; 同的属性进行分类。</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81db8938dcba70363370" data-id="3842931bceef81db8938dcba70363370"><span><div id="3842931bceef81db8938dcba70363370" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81db8938dcba70363370" title="典型习题解答蒸馏"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">典型习题解答蒸馏</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81e9bc91c636317a1fb6" data-id="3842931bceef81e9bc91c636317a1fb6"><span><div id="3842931bceef81e9bc91c636317a1fb6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81e9bc91c636317a1fb6" title="链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81bf87b3f3b1368b3a19"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：&quot;和&quot;三&quot;的其他事例,扩大“五&quot;比“三?这个概念的应用范围。在一场足球赛里， 我队得了五分,另--队得了三分,谁赢了?简是五岁,她的妹妹三岁,谁大? (尽管幼儿并不真正懂得“我五岁她三岁&quot;和&quot;我比她大&quot;的意思, 他们还是会讲这两句话的。) 假设罗杰数清楚了一排果子是七个,他还会说:*有七个果子s?不知怎么这一排果子被弄乱了。我们问他; “现在有几个（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c7833cc84d4439b045"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把一组物品按颜色或形状分成两类</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811b8911e87db4720a85"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：分类不是背名称，而是找到同一标准下的相同与不同</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef814e8096dc1993ba2f7d"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：看见标准、移动实物、说出理由</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81cda184ff9059817335"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：换成大小分类；换成用途分类；让孩子自己提出一个新标准</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b3a8d0cb7b899bc685"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：先让孩子复述题目，再问“这里不变的关系是什么？”最后让孩子自己改一个条件。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef817f8ff2c3d758d586ce" data-id="3842931bceef817f8ff2c3d758d586ce"><span><div id="3842931bceef817f8ff2c3d758d586ce" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef817f8ff2c3d758d586ce" title="链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a38d72c1792d2e6cf1"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：&quot;和&quot;三&quot;的其他事例,扩大“五&quot;比“三?这个概念的应用范围。在一场足球赛里， 我队得了五分,另--队得了三分,谁赢了?简是五岁,她的妹妹三岁,谁大? (尽管幼儿并不真正懂得“我五岁她三岁&quot;和&quot;我比她大&quot;的意思, 他们还是会讲这两句话的。) 假设罗杰数清楚了一排果子是七个,他还会说:*有七个果子s?不知怎么这一排果子被弄乱了。我们问他; “现在有几个（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81578cf7f13a773ed56b"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把同一个问题换成图、表、实物或符号表达。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81bfad1eccd07e8f45be"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：同一数学关系可以有不同外壳。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8186962df853f22ef3fa"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：表征转换。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81e5a105fa8ed56357d3"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：图变文字；文字变图；数字变参数；正向题变逆向题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81539546ce4b8887a4d5"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：不要问“答案是多少”，先问“你能换一种方式表示它吗？”</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81628c8edd9e8527dc86" data-id="3842931bceef81628c8edd9e8527dc86"><span><div id="3842931bceef81628c8edd9e8527dc86" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81628c8edd9e8527dc86" title="举一反三映射卡"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">举一反三映射卡</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8189a5fee6a43929ef19"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：数量关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8182a3f8dcb5509a6910"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：单位/变量关系 变式生成（举一反三）：改总量、份数、单位或参数 家长提示：不要先写式子，先让孩子拿物体、分一分、摆一摆、说一说。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef813681c9f6df8dbf6f24"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：图形关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8147a0f4ee942bbe604f"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：数形结合 变式生成（举一反三）：实物-图形-符号三种表达互换 家长提示：先画出来，再说图里哪一部分对应题目条件。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c4abc8d2742d52366a"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：条件变化</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef818db256fd76a892b58f"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：分类讨论 变式生成（举一反三）：增删一个条件，观察解法是否改变 家长提示：让孩子说清楚“什么时候用这一招”。</span></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef811a92ddef305e3d445d" data-id="3842931bceef811a92ddef305e3d445d"><span><div id="3842931bceef811a92ddef305e3d445d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef811a92ddef305e3d445d" title="小学数学思维深度报告"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">小学数学思维深度报告</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8178b25ccce2fd421ef8" data-id="3842931bceef8178b25ccce2fd421ef8"><span><div id="3842931bceef8178b25ccce2fd421ef8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8178b25ccce2fd421ef8" title="原文来源"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原文来源</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ef9ae1d6e8d2033e76"><li><span class="notion-default">How to Be Good at Maths The Simplest-Ever Visual Guide (Carol Vorderman)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8199ad73c395c5cd750e"><li><span class="notion-default">如何培养学生的数感 (如何培养学生的数感)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8166be1bf4cd81448854"><li><span class="notion-default">数学家讲解小学数学 ([美]伍鸿熙 (Hung-Hsi Wu))</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81d99735d4a4456e2fc5" data-id="3842931bceef81d99735d4a4456e2fc5"><span><div id="3842931bceef81d99735d4a4456e2fc5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81d99735d4a4456e2fc5" title="三层架构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三层架构</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81fc8684efdcfb361111" data-id="3842931bceef81fc8684efdcfb361111"><span><div id="3842931bceef81fc8684efdcfb361111" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81fc8684efdcfb361111" title="骨架"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">骨架</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8149b95deccacce6aa40"><span class="notion-default">小学阶段的主线是：把生活问题翻译成数量关系，再把数量关系画成图、写成算式。 本报告只使用上列本地文件抽取到的原文线索，避免凭记忆扩写。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81399585d9ce6481f925" data-id="3842931bceef81399585d9ce6481f925"><span><div id="3842931bceef81399585d9ce6481f925" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81399585d9ce6481f925" title="血肉"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">血肉</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef817b980efa8a2a13df4c"><span class="notion-default">可追溯原文证据：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8120a676ed8dd31e7271"><li><span class="notion-default">《How to Be Good at Maths The Simplest-Ever Visual Guide (Carol Vorderman)》：ion. Now simplify it. We calculate to solve problems in maths. We can add, subtract, multiply, and divide in our heads or by writing numbers down on paper. By learning some us（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef817fa8dde6f804872fcc"><li><span class="notion-default">《如何培养学生的数感 (如何培养学生的数感)》：是，它可以帮助孩子们更有效地深入理解存在于这些计算中的相互关系。 在学生进入中学开始学习代数时，所有这些不同解释都是与应用抽象表达形式的规则相一致的。但是在小学阶段，学生用实际的数量辨别分数的乘法模式是十分有效的。 下一阶段就要学习两个分数的乘法。教师必须要对“全X于&quot;这类计算给予合理的解释。“久于”“……的五分之-和“二5”，所有这些等值运算所得（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8118a5f7ff651287e237"><li><span class="notion-default">《数学家讲解小学数学 ([美]伍鸿熙 (Hung-Hsi Wu))》：理的基础上得出结论本章各节安排如下比例为何要讨论比例? 比率单位分工合作问题 + 292 - 数学家讲解小学数学 22.1 ”比例给定两个非零分数 , , 假定我们想用乘法而不是加法的观点来比较它们, 即考虑而不是 — . 和可以表示两块火腿的重量, 单位是磅, 也可以表示两瓶橙汁的体 , 单位是升, 还可以表示两条曲线的长度, 单位是厘米, 等等（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81b29fbbda1971781f9d" data-id="3842931bceef81b29fbbda1971781f9d"><span><div id="3842931bceef81b29fbbda1971781f9d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81b29fbbda1971781f9d" title="灵魂"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">灵魂</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81e5922fc0208686867d"><span class="notion-default">给家长的操作原则：先问“谁是一份”，再画图，最后才计算。 每次辅导都让孩子先讲题意，再动手或画图，最后才写算式和答案。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81299429ce1c29b02b82" data-id="3842931bceef81299429ce1c29b02b82"><span><div id="3842931bceef81299429ce1c29b02b82" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81299429ce1c29b02b82" title="餐巾纸数学公式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">餐巾纸数学公式</span></span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3842931bceef81e394e3f37bb43a2cad"><div><span class="notion-default">会做题 = 找单位 + 画关系 + 写算式 + 回到题意检查</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81ef9f78c5d3a5467144" data-id="3842931bceef81ef9f78c5d3a5467144"><span><div id="3842931bceef81ef9f78c5d3a5467144" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81ef9f78c5d3a5467144" title="逐本源书速读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">逐本源书速读</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8107b9dec10edf31d25d"><span class="notion-default">这一节不按书名堆摘要，而是让每本书回答三个编辑问题：它解决什么问题，它提供什么模型，家长拿到后第一步怎么用。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8126be5ef5798f3d1e99" data-id="3842931bceef8126be5ef5798f3d1e99"><span><div id="3842931bceef8126be5ef5798f3d1e99" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8126be5ef5798f3d1e99" title="《How to Be Good at Maths The Simplest-Ever Visual Guide (Carol Vorderman)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《How to Be Good at Maths The Simplest-Ever Visual Guide (Carol Vorderman)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef813bb94ceaac70c35663"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：把小学到初中常见数学知识视觉化，帮助孩子看到计算、图形、度量背后的直观结构。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81af8f8eda90180bcd6e"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：视觉指南模型：概念图像化 -&gt; 例题步骤化 -&gt; 练习即时化。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b6ba6ffec29408781d"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：很多孩子卡住不是不会算，而是脑中没有可看的图。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a294c3e4da700cedbe"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：每讲一个新概念，先找图、数轴、面积图或生活物件，再进入算式。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81199551d762b3de8532"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：Write the ratio 4:6 as a fraction. Now simplify it. We calculate to solve problems in maths. We can add, subtract, multiply, and divide in our heads or by writing numbers down（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81b2bceefa074bd8e9b4" data-id="3842931bceef81b2bceefa074bd8e9b4"><span><div id="3842931bceef81b2bceefa074bd8e9b4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81b2bceefa074bd8e9b4" title="《如何培养学生的数感 (如何培养学生的数感)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《如何培养学生的数感 (如何培养学生的数感)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81099e89f1862032f296"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：说明数感如何从计数、估算、运算意义、符号理解中发展出来。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8114a601f85c22eae5a1"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：数感模型：数量直觉 -&gt; 运算意义 -&gt; 符号解释 -&gt; 策略选择。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8141b65acbc94f740167"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：数感好的孩子会先判断答案是否合理，再检查计算是否正确。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8168b590c169311bf620"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：做题前先估一估、说一说数量关系，做题后问答案是否合常识。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a0a041ecb0e769d7d8"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：方法。 吕的形成当公 4 数感……体现的是应用数字和量化方法作为交流、加工、 解释信息的倾向和能力。它使人们意识到数学是有某种规律的。 (等，1992) 目前，我们已经开发出了新的评价体系来满足社会不断发展变化的需求，新的评价体系不再是具有固定模式的数字运算，而且这些运算也不需要标准的笔算程序。我们期望学生能够从图形和表格中获取信息计算空缺的数字，并且研究数</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef816d8dc9c76c92b81513" data-id="3842931bceef816d8dc9c76c92b81513"><span><div id="3842931bceef816d8dc9c76c92b81513" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef816d8dc9c76c92b81513" title="《数学家讲解小学数学 ([美]伍鸿熙 (Hung-Hsi Wu))》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《数学家讲解小学数学 ([美]伍鸿熙 (Hung-Hsi Wu))》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81af9b04dfdb4d402c49"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：用更严谨的数学眼光重新解释小学数学，尤其是单位、分数、比例、运算意义。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a58526d3351646c99e"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：结构化小学数学：定义清楚 -&gt; 单位统一 -&gt; 推理连接算法。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b2ab15e3bd631d2e03"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：小学数学不是低级数学，它是高阶数学严谨性的地基。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef815888f5eadbb5f8785b"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：不要只问怎么算，持续追问“单位是什么、为什么这个算法成立”。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f4915dd349bfb3faa8"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：理的基础上得出结论本章各节安排如下比例为何要讨论比例? 比率单位分工合作问题 + 292 - 数学家讲解小学数学 22.1 ”比例给定两个非零分数 , , 假定我们想用乘法而不是加法的观点来比较它们, 即考虑而不是 — . 和可以表示两块火腿的重量, 单位是磅, 也可以表示两瓶橙汁的体 , 单位是升, 还可以表示两条曲线的长度, 单位是厘米, 等等（节选）</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8189bb85eb47608c5999" data-id="3842931bceef8189bb85eb47608c5999"><span><div id="3842931bceef8189bb85eb47608c5999" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8189bb85eb47608c5999" title="典型习题解答蒸馏"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">典型习题解答蒸馏</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81088455cfbd510a66e2" data-id="3842931bceef81088455cfbd510a66e2"><span><div id="3842931bceef81088455cfbd510a66e2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81088455cfbd510a66e2" title="链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef813d974fc0020b57eb7a"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：ion. Now simplify it. We calculate to solve problems in maths. We can add, subtract, multiply, and divide in our heads or by writing numbers down on paper. By learning some us（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81cc8f15ee8e352423f7"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把12个苹果平均分给3个孩子</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a6b35cf225446c3708"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：平均分的本质是每份一样多，先确定总量、份数和每份量</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8151bff0cc3cacf1b1a1"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：单位量模型、线段图、乘除互逆</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b68f51c967d2d7a73e"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：改总量；改份数；改成已知每份求总量</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8170a331dc4f2d38cf0b"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：先让孩子复述题目，再问“这里不变的关系是什么？”最后让孩子自己改一个条件。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81b1bc3ddd237c4e6548" data-id="3842931bceef81b1bc3ddd237c4e6548"><span><div id="3842931bceef81b1bc3ddd237c4e6548" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81b1bc3ddd237c4e6548" title="链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8123b908c3ccd3dbab34"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：ion. Now simplify it. We calculate to solve problems in maths. We can add, subtract, multiply, and divide in our heads or by writing numbers down on paper. By learning some us（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81fe94c7cbc8d7a0c36c"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把同一个问题换成图、表、实物或符号表达。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef819d9020d5280cc397f5"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：同一数学关系可以有不同外壳。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816e906ff9c38a399ab5"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：表征转换。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d3a1c5c621b682f9d9"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：图变文字；文字变图；数字变参数；正向题变逆向题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ebbb2bd17f9d1f3abb"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：不要问“答案是多少”，先问“你能换一种方式表示它吗？”</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8181ad8be2cf0d31b799" data-id="3842931bceef8181ad8be2cf0d31b799"><span><div id="3842931bceef8181ad8be2cf0d31b799" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8181ad8be2cf0d31b799" title="举一反三映射卡"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">举一反三映射卡</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8171a4e6d7c75c2582e7"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：数量关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81fb928dcd0a9375250e"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：单位/变量关系 变式生成（举一反三）：改总量、份数、单位或参数 家长提示：先问“谁是一份”，再画图，最后才计算。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8113b1b1e4c74ac450e0"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：图形关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef816ca889e5f6a5059bf9"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：数形结合 变式生成（举一反三）：实物-图形-符号三种表达互换 家长提示：先画出来，再说图里哪一部分对应题目条件。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81de9f66fade0760ff11"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：条件变化</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef810db6f0c478cbd32f4f"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：分类讨论 变式生成（举一反三）：增删一个条件，观察解法是否改变 家长提示：让孩子说清楚“什么时候用这一招”。</span></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef81b9b0e0c04dd7931a04" data-id="3842931bceef81b9b0e0c04dd7931a04"><span><div id="3842931bceef81b9b0e0c04dd7931a04" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81b9b0e0c04dd7931a04" title="初中数学思维深度报告"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">初中数学思维深度报告</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8121879cc246f239b030" data-id="3842931bceef8121879cc246f239b030"><span><div id="3842931bceef8121879cc246f239b030" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8121879cc246f239b030" title="原文来源"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原文来源</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef818689edf069981711c9"><li><span class="notion-default">How to Solve It A New Aspect of Mathematical Method (G. Polya John H. Conway)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811399aaec5102fc5896"><li><span class="notion-default">孙维刚初中数学 第2版 (孙维刚编著)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81459ad9f9d0d68a40de"><li><span class="notion-default">怎样学会解数学题 (（苏）Л.М.弗里德曼著；陈淑敏，尹世超译)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8142b876dd4d3eefe57c"><li><span class="notion-default">数学思维能力的训练 (王屏山,傅学顺编著)</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef818787bbc802a97bd692" data-id="3842931bceef818787bbc802a97bd692"><span><div id="3842931bceef818787bbc802a97bd692" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef818787bbc802a97bd692" title="三层架构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三层架构</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81d8855ed791f1693819" data-id="3842931bceef81d8855ed791f1693819"><span><div id="3842931bceef81d8855ed791f1693819" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81d8855ed791f1693819" title="骨架"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">骨架</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef815c955ed2e9ce1359b3"><span class="notion-default">初中阶段的主线是：从具体数与图形过渡到符号、方程、函数、证明和分类讨论。 本报告只使用上列本地文件抽取到的原文线索，避免凭记忆扩写。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef819fb7ddd414891f8b51" data-id="3842931bceef819fb7ddd414891f8b51"><span><div id="3842931bceef819fb7ddd414891f8b51" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef819fb7ddd414891f8b51" title="血肉"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">血肉</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef818180e1c0a15b2779ec"><span class="notion-default">可追溯原文证据：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8170acb2fa7e029c7335"><li><span class="notion-default">《孙维刚初中数学 第2版 (孙维刚编著)》：这是做好一件事情的前提学习数学的目的是什么呢？ 人们常说，要把数学学好，因为它是学好许多功课的基础.但这个“基础”指什么？在理解上，差别就大了。 有人说，初中化学里计算化合物组成的百分比、利用化学反应方程式的计算，都要利用比例,这是数学里学的；高中化学里有关质量分数、物质的量浓度的计算，也要用数学；而物理中，只要把公式确定好了，余下的工作就是公式变（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81fab889ef6e9d2b744d"><li><span class="notion-default">《怎样学会解数学题 (（苏）Л.М.弗里德曼著；陈淑敏，尹世超译)》：时间，价格和成本等值的习题，是这种习题明显的实例。几何计算题也属于这一种，其中需要求出线般的长度，角的大小，图形的面积，物体的体积，等等。 许多解各种方程，方程组，不等式和不等式组的习题也属于这一种，因为其中每道题都需要求出满足一定条件的某个变量的值。 需要确定给定的表达式、数的类型，确定给定的几何图形或物体的形状的习题，也是我们所研究的这种题（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816da35ededb6665618c"><li><span class="notion-default">《数学思维能力的训练 (王屏山,傅学顺编著)》：说服之， = 2”, “ =， = 2° D34x= 8” 即cx= 2&quot; “ = 37, 2” 总而言之，初中数学的讲授要特别注意两点。 , 得太深，因为学生理解不了。可是，另方面，又不能犯如辑错误， 酝酿省学生的各种如辑错误。衡量教学水平和教学艺术高低的标准之一，是恰到好处地掌握这个分二第二节构造型(信息型)分析法例1，假设梯形的腰AB= +（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef817eb856efabe5909a89" data-id="3842931bceef817eb856efabe5909a89"><span><div id="3842931bceef817eb856efabe5909a89" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef817eb856efabe5909a89" title="灵魂"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">灵魂</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81379778f5dc48f15134"><span class="notion-default">给家长的操作原则：让孩子把题目改写成关系链，而不是直接套公式。 每次辅导都让孩子先讲题意，再动手或画图，最后才写算式和答案。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8188a2fcc6809e4330a2" data-id="3842931bceef8188a2fcc6809e4330a2"><span><div id="3842931bceef8188a2fcc6809e4330a2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8188a2fcc6809e4330a2" title="餐巾纸数学公式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">餐巾纸数学公式</span></span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3842931bceef8169a30ed0bb480c7ae0"><div><span class="notion-default">解题力 = 识别结构 + 设未知量 + 转化关系 + 检验边界</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81559302dcff9ccbe990" data-id="3842931bceef81559302dcff9ccbe990"><span><div id="3842931bceef81559302dcff9ccbe990" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81559302dcff9ccbe990" title="逐本源书速读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">逐本源书速读</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef815790f9ef297cb47c3a"><span class="notion-default">这一节不按书名堆摘要，而是让每本书回答三个编辑问题：它解决什么问题，它提供什么模型，家长拿到后第一步怎么用。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81538a89c76761c7bb8c" data-id="3842931bceef81538a89c76761c7bb8c"><span><div id="3842931bceef81538a89c76761c7bb8c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81538a89c76761c7bb8c" title="《How to Solve It A New Aspect of Mathematical Method (G. Polya John H. Conway)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《How to Solve It A New Aspect of Mathematical Method (G. Polya John H. Conway)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81779cdddb4ae6d04d97"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：给出通用解题法：理解题目、拟定计划、执行计划、回顾检查。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81bf96adf37fb0b9fbae"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：波利亚四步法：看懂问题 -&gt; 找联系 -&gt; 执行 -&gt; 反思迁移。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a48611ceff7189be09"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：真正的解题训练不是记答案，而是训练找路的能力。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81ef87eecfac61ae7681"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：辅导时固定问四句：求什么、有什么、见过类似吗、答案能检查吗。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b9a8c9e30136b236e3"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：something from his mathematics classes; he has some real experience in solving problems, he can conceive and exploit a good idea. 20. A rate problem. Water is flowing into a c（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81a59f76d3effaef1d95" data-id="3842931bceef81a59f76d3effaef1d95"><span><div id="3842931bceef81a59f76d3effaef1d95" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81a59f76d3effaef1d95" title="《孙维刚初中数学 第2版 (孙维刚编著)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《孙维刚初中数学 第2版 (孙维刚编著)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8167ade4d3e9c52f23ca"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：把初中数学从零散章节串成代数、几何、函数之间的整体网络。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81cd94bde00365a2c590"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：贯通式学习：概念源头 -&gt; 知识联系 -&gt; 一题多解 -&gt; 多题归一。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8151a28be27f66dfb468"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：初中数学的跃迁点，是从做一道题转为看一类结构。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81cd9be6d69f80cc5d82"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：每学完一章，让孩子画出它和旧知识的联系，而不是只整理错题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef814a902cc11c491ef5dd"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：分成了等号左右的两段 （4）分类型归纳思考方法为了对常见类型的应用问题迅速列出方程，一方面，需要熟知它们各自最简捷的列方 21 小维刚初中数学（第版） 程的思路；另一方面，还要对它们有关量之间的运算关系了如指掌.这就是分类型归纳思考方法的必要性， 本章将通过例题的说明，一一总结． （5）坚持一题多解优秀的解法，总是产生于不同解法的比较和雕琢中；同时（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81e3badcda333be8ed56" data-id="3842931bceef81e3badcda333be8ed56"><span><div id="3842931bceef81e3badcda333be8ed56" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81e3badcda333be8ed56" title="《怎样学会解数学题 (（苏）Л.М.弗里德曼著；陈淑敏，尹世超译)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《怎样学会解数学题 (（苏）Л.М.弗里德曼著；陈淑敏，尹世超译)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c19477e39c9d46ee59"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：把解题过程拆成可训练的心理动作，帮助学生从不会下手到能组织思路。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8169bef5cf318395a236"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：解题动作链：审题 -&gt; 建模 -&gt; 选择方法 -&gt; 书写 -&gt; 复盘。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef817fb0d1d3f7e3b21762"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：不会做题往往不是知识点缺失，而是没有稳定的解题程序。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f992a3cea2ebaeb954"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：让孩子写出“我先看到了什么、我准备怎样转化”，再写正式解答。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a48956d06add6b55f5"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：米， 下 5一6 [ME是A4OD的 , =4理 =二 10D) 米 = 4=2 8K 从上述例子中可以得出以下结论解数学题，这就是要找到一种一般数学原理 〈定义，公理，定理，法则，定律，公式) 的序列，把这些原理用于习题的条件或者条件的推论 (解题的中间结果)，得到习题所要求的东西，即习题的答案。 我们还将不止一次地回到解题实质这个问题上来，并将（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81299629e0f8f7383490" data-id="3842931bceef81299629e0f8f7383490"><span><div id="3842931bceef81299629e0f8f7383490" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81299629e0f8f7383490" title="《数学思维能力的训练 (王屏山,傅学顺编著)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《数学思维能力的训练 (王屏山,傅学顺编著)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef813cbe96e8081dfbd7f3"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：将数学思维拆成观察、比较、抽象、概括、推理、分类等可训练能力。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d2a389df05f03c5bc8"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：思维能力训练：题目材料 -&gt; 思维动作 -&gt; 方法归纳 -&gt; 迁移练习。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811483f1c813ff92a226"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：训练数学不是多刷同款题，而是明确每道题在练哪种思维动作。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d8aaccd928141bba76"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：给题目贴标签：这是分类、转化、归纳、还是反证。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81e78268fff5f11581ee"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：学生的分析能力，猜想和联想能力较差。“复习?应当在转化问题，启发学生自行联想中进行。 〈八) 联想需要比较丰富的知识，否则不能顺利进行。因此，我们强调思维能力并不意味着可以削弱知识的传授，而是为了把过去被忽视的东西重视起来，为了分清主次。 例14， 给定两点B,。动点A满足 , ,) q1) 100 求A的轨迹〈 阿波罗尼斯问题)。 【分析】 可以（节选）</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef8137ac21cedfca0a5f16" data-id="3842931bceef8137ac21cedfca0a5f16"><span><div id="3842931bceef8137ac21cedfca0a5f16" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8137ac21cedfca0a5f16" title="典型习题解答蒸馏"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">典型习题解答蒸馏</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef811d943ace7fec7a09fa" data-id="3842931bceef811d943ace7fec7a09fa"><span><div id="3842931bceef811d943ace7fec7a09fa" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef811d943ace7fec7a09fa" title="链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b3adabf6f75f2ebd92"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：这是做好一件事情的前提学习数学的目的是什么呢？ 人们常说，要把数学学好，因为它是学好许多功课的基础.但这个“基础”指什么？在理解上，差别就大了。 有人说，初中化学里计算化合物组成的百分比、利用化学反应方程式的计算，都要利用比例,这是数学里学的；高中化学里有关质量分数、物质的量浓度的计算，也要用数学；而物理中，只要把公式确定好了，余下的工作就是公式变（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8151b1acd4b56102687b"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：用方程表示两个量之间的相等关系</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81938417d267cf16cad2"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：题目的本质是把文字条件转成可检验的等量关系</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81aeb9a1d0a7fd33cbd2"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：设元、列式、解方程、验根</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef815389add93e6ec3f33c"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：改未知量位置；加入几何条件；讨论参数取值</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c29b07f6c24d98b042"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：先让孩子复述题目，再问“这里不变的关系是什么？”最后让孩子自己改一个条件。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81a3941afa65cbb5bbc4" data-id="3842931bceef81a3941afa65cbb5bbc4"><span><div id="3842931bceef81a3941afa65cbb5bbc4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81a3941afa65cbb5bbc4" title="链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f4b199c1ab640a53bd"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：这是做好一件事情的前提学习数学的目的是什么呢？ 人们常说，要把数学学好，因为它是学好许多功课的基础.但这个“基础”指什么？在理解上，差别就大了。 有人说，初中化学里计算化合物组成的百分比、利用化学反应方程式的计算，都要利用比例,这是数学里学的；高中化学里有关质量分数、物质的量浓度的计算，也要用数学；而物理中，只要把公式确定好了，余下的工作就是公式变（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812b9b1ede79a32f1f68"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把同一个问题换成图、表、实物或符号表达。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef815cb66ee54d69b25b2b"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：同一数学关系可以有不同外壳。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81a68726dec012184a00"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：表征转换。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81098013d8f959e46a4e"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：图变文字；文字变图；数字变参数；正向题变逆向题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8154b226da5f38a42763"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：不要问“答案是多少”，先问“你能换一种方式表示它吗？”</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81aeaeaeef5c3f37c9d1" data-id="3842931bceef81aeaeaeef5c3f37c9d1"><span><div id="3842931bceef81aeaeaeef5c3f37c9d1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81aeaeaeef5c3f37c9d1" title="举一反三映射卡"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">举一反三映射卡</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8141988be32fd1b44b91"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：数量关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81f4b592ce65a00a0503"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：单位/变量关系 变式生成（举一反三）：改总量、份数、单位或参数 家长提示：让孩子把题目改写成关系链，而不是直接套公式。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b79fe8d2b40c43a703"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：图形关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef816099f9d4f5bc5ca2dc"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：数形结合 变式生成（举一反三）：实物-图形-符号三种表达互换 家长提示：先画出来，再说图里哪一部分对应题目条件。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811288dafd138325c60d"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：条件变化</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81b4bda4d7de24fb74fb"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：分类讨论 变式生成（举一反三）：增删一个条件，观察解法是否改变 家长提示：让孩子说清楚“什么时候用这一招”。</span></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-3842931bceef81ddb15bd5f2bb2ea405" data-id="3842931bceef81ddb15bd5f2bb2ea405"><span><div id="3842931bceef81ddb15bd5f2bb2ea405" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81ddb15bd5f2bb2ea405" title="高中数学思维深度报告"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">高中数学思维深度报告</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81e1ab67db07ea852ae8" data-id="3842931bceef81e1ab67db07ea852ae8"><span><div id="3842931bceef81e1ab67db07ea852ae8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81e1ab67db07ea852ae8" title="原文来源"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">原文来源</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef817ea7c7ce94dee3dfb9"><li><span class="notion-default">数学才能的培养-傅学顺</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef811d9da3f7f7cf795cac"><li><span class="notion-default">数学的雨伞下：理解世界的乐趣 ([法] 米卡埃尔·洛奈（Mickaël Launay）)</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81e0b536f4ed142557a9"><li><span class="notion-default">简单微积分：学校未教过的超简易入门技巧 ([日] 神永正博, 李慧慧译)</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81498494ff8c5a17849c" data-id="3842931bceef81498494ff8c5a17849c"><span><div id="3842931bceef81498494ff8c5a17849c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81498494ff8c5a17849c" title="三层架构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三层架构</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81c2ba21c5a0f866dec2" data-id="3842931bceef81c2ba21c5a0f866dec2"><span><div id="3842931bceef81c2ba21c5a0f866dec2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81c2ba21c5a0f866dec2" title="骨架"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">骨架</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81e6b93bd2e887cdb3c1"><span class="notion-default">高中阶段的主线是：把代数、函数、几何、概率和微积分思想组织成可迁移的模型系统。 本报告只使用上列本地文件抽取到的原文线索，避免凭记忆扩写。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef813ba037d8d6da85a046" data-id="3842931bceef813ba037d8d6da85a046"><span><div id="3842931bceef813ba037d8d6da85a046" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef813ba037d8d6da85a046" title="血肉"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">血肉</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef811ba3d1f4d678345256"><span class="notion-default">可追溯原文证据：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d7a331d4e7e52abfb6"><li><span class="notion-default">《数学才能的培养-傅学顺》：法，而且把思维缺陷甚至把不良学风带到高中来，滑过高一，并立即被高二的匆忙所掩盖。 第二，高一松驰，高二紧迫，高三忙乱是普遍现象。许多学校匆匆忙忙在高二就结束高中的全部课程，把高三变成“复习年”，把前两年圆圈吞下的知识再“过”一遍，然后是大搞题海战术、模拟考试、猜测试题。结果，使尽一切招数，升学率却年年依旧，似乎一切都到了极限。看来，只有把高、高二圆（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812c8ed8f38918a5c4df"><li><span class="notion-default">《数学的雨伞下：理解世界的乐趣 ([法] 米卡埃尔·洛奈（Mickaël Launay）)》：)。但是，这本书的广受欢迎和书中的理论一样，是相对的。爱因斯坦的理论自然比他的科学文章更容易理解，但仍然给出了一些方程，读者需要具有良好的高中教育水平才能充分受益。 1978年，让 - 皮埃尔·卢米涅(-)成为第一个模拟出黑洞图像的人，他也写了几本面向大众的好书。比如1987年出版的《黑洞》()，就是一本关于这个主题的参考读物，不仅写得很好，而且还（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81fe89a2ef8d1c308b51"><li><span class="notion-default">《简单微积分：学校未教过的超简易入门技巧 ([日] 神永正博, 李慧慧译)》：割图形的方法”和“积分符号的使用方法&quot;。为了便于讲解，我选取了日本初中入学考试试题，并尝试使用积分方法解答。 下面，我们将接触到旋转体。旋转体的体积是日本高中教科书中必定会出现的内容，初中入学考试中则常常会出现简单的旋转体题目，例如下面的题目。 存在一个半径为 2 cm 的圆板，距离该圆板圆心 4 cm 处存 2cm 在一条竖轴，让圆板以紧轴为轴旋（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81d2845ef9f3b9257e89" data-id="3842931bceef81d2845ef9f3b9257e89"><span><div id="3842931bceef81d2845ef9f3b9257e89" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81d2845ef9f3b9257e89" title="灵魂"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">灵魂</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81ceb838f993853b4daf"><span class="notion-default">给家长的操作原则：每题追问条件变化后的模型是否还成立，避免只刷表面题型。 每次辅导都让孩子先讲题意，再动手或画图，最后才写算式和答案。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef817c9c49f47335ec0f0c" data-id="3842931bceef817c9c49f47335ec0f0c"><span><div id="3842931bceef817c9c49f47335ec0f0c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef817c9c49f47335ec0f0c" title="餐巾纸数学公式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">餐巾纸数学公式</span></span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-3842931bceef8128a461cc24d9a81ee3"><div><span class="notion-default">高阶数学 = 变量关系 + 图像直觉 + 结构证明 + 参数变化</span></div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81de9422c5a4c88948ee" data-id="3842931bceef81de9422c5a4c88948ee"><span><div id="3842931bceef81de9422c5a4c88948ee" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81de9422c5a4c88948ee" title="逐本源书速读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">逐本源书速读</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef8144bbeedea267655132"><span class="notion-default">这一节不按书名堆摘要，而是让每本书回答三个编辑问题：它解决什么问题，它提供什么模型，家长拿到后第一步怎么用。</span></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8112bbe6e07790639b8f" data-id="3842931bceef8112bbe6e07790639b8f"><span><div id="3842931bceef8112bbe6e07790639b8f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8112bbe6e07790639b8f" title="《数学才能的培养-傅学顺》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《数学才能的培养-傅学顺》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812da10de07525a9e57a"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：讨论数学才能如何被发现、保护和系统培养，避免把天赋误读成刷题速度。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8147991be8edf3cd94e3"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：才能培养模型：兴趣保护 -&gt; 深题慢想 -&gt; 方法自觉 -&gt; 创造性表达。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812c9725df84d1b0070a"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：数学能力强的孩子需要更深的问题，而不只是更多的题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef817ebccbc2fb8ff12ad9"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：给孩子保留一道值得想很久的题，让他说出不同解法的优劣。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81feb4e2cfb51a5a3994"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：际上是尔后用来思维，当作跳板用来解决新问题的最基本的·“老问题”。 （兰）有了反应块体系，难题往往可以肢解为有机衔接的一个个基本问题；或者先行分析转化，然后才能肢解子或者，经过肢解之后，还要摘分析转化。 （四）题海有了缩成题池的可能。一一边做题；一边析出反应块，一边萃取思维方法，一边把题目分类：思维方法典型例题， 反应块典型例题，可淘汰问题。 （五（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8142a8e4fbb7ca349834" data-id="3842931bceef8142a8e4fbb7ca349834"><span><div id="3842931bceef8142a8e4fbb7ca349834" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8142a8e4fbb7ca349834" title="《数学的雨伞下：理解世界的乐趣 ([法] 米卡埃尔·洛奈（Mickaël Launay）)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《数学的雨伞下：理解世界的乐趣 ([法] 米卡埃尔·洛奈（Mickaël Launay）)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef815e820aeda8f1e5da65"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：把数学放回真实世界和思想史中，解释数学为什么有趣、为什么能理解世界。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c9a8c3dfff14842226"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：数学文化模型：现象好奇 -&gt; 模式发现 -&gt; 抽象命名 -&gt; 世界解释。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816caf33c03b4319ff40"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：数学不是一堆题，而是一种发现世界秩序的语言。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81cc9879e14a5af45876"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：高年级孩子学完公式后，补问它解释了生活中的什么现象。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8124bfa9ec18c6d8b404"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：菌不是它们的世界的一分子，这些细菌如此之小，以至于对于猫来说既是不可见的，也是不可想象的。 通过类似的推理，我们可以给出大量的例子，所有这些例子都有违直觉，但在数学上却是确切无误的。太阳表面的温度比起15000℃ 要更接近5℃。比起纽约人口，巴黎人口要更接近一个仅有12个居民的村庄。如果给火星称重，你会发现比起地球的质量，火星的质量要更接近一个乒乓（节选）</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef8164a250fa56c75241b2" data-id="3842931bceef8164a250fa56c75241b2"><span><div id="3842931bceef8164a250fa56c75241b2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef8164a250fa56c75241b2" title="《简单微积分：学校未教过的超简易入门技巧 ([日] 神永正博, 李慧慧译)》"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">《简单微积分：学校未教过的超简易入门技巧 ([日] 神永正博, 李慧慧译)》</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef815bbc76ed9a189e1f0c"><li><span class="notion-default">这本书解决什么问题：用低门槛方式解释变化率、累积、极限等微积分核心直觉。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef812187dde3e3ad491c7a"><li><span class="notion-default">核心模型：变化思想：变量变化 -&gt; 局部趋势 -&gt; 累积效果 -&gt; 极限逼近。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81feb30bcbce92009cfe"><li><span class="notion-default">读完应带走的一句话：高中数学的高级感来自研究变化，而不是把数字算得更复杂。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81b9ace1d5de44559417"><li><span class="notion-default">家长怎么用：讲函数时加入“变化快慢”和“累计多少”两个追问。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81c78099c42dae2e5725"><li><span class="notion-default">原文线索：发生变化的函数 -181 麻曲也没问题 -184 测量曲线的长度 -184 简洁的悬链线公式 -187 验证项链的长度 -194 微积分的真身 -199 微分的可能性 -199 微分相关的冒险 -202 近似和忽略 -205 后记 -207 尾注 -209 内文图版设计: 积分的存在意义积分应用的基础一般不是从微分开始学习吗? 从积分开始讲，是因为（节选）</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81bbbf9ce4421d5c3f4e" data-id="3842931bceef81bbbf9ce4421d5c3f4e"><span><div id="3842931bceef81bbbf9ce4421d5c3f4e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81bbbf9ce4421d5c3f4e" title="典型习题解答蒸馏"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">典型习题解答蒸馏</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef815bba68dbde22198505" data-id="3842931bceef815bba68dbde22198505"><span><div id="3842931bceef815bba68dbde22198505" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef815bba68dbde22198505" title="链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 1：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8131a8abfabb4ab462cf"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：法，而且把思维缺陷甚至把不良学风带到高中来，滑过高一，并立即被高二的匆忙所掩盖。 第二，高一松驰，高二紧迫，高三忙乱是普遍现象。许多学校匆匆忙忙在高二就结束高中的全部课程，把高三变成“复习年”，把前两年圆圈吞下的知识再“过”一遍，然后是大搞题海战术、模拟考试、猜测试题。结果，使尽一切招数，升学率却年年依旧，似乎一切都到了极限。看来，只有把高、高二圆（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d3a406fa87388258c4"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：研究函数随变量变化的趋势</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81559285fcb6b8396024"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：题目的本质是抓住变量关系和变化率，而不是代入数字</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8110a2c6ef1f17239afb"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：函数图像、导数/差分、参数分类、极值判断</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8101a98cfad0e0249954"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：改参数范围；改函数表达；改成图像判断或证明题</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef819292beea9c6604b5bb"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：先让孩子复述题目，再问“这里不变的关系是什么？”最后让孩子自己改一个条件。</span></li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-3842931bceef81f4ade8e7342038d9a0" data-id="3842931bceef81f4ade8e7342038d9a0"><span><div id="3842931bceef81f4ade8e7342038d9a0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81f4ade8e7342038d9a0" title="链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">链条 2：题面本质-思维模型-变式生成（举一反三）</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81878ec5cbe3e6f3f5fa"><li><span class="notion-default">原文证据触发：法，而且把思维缺陷甚至把不良学风带到高中来，滑过高一，并立即被高二的匆忙所掩盖。 第二，高一松驰，高二紧迫，高三忙乱是普遍现象。许多学校匆匆忙忙在高二就结束高中的全部课程，把高三变成“复习年”，把前两年圆圈吞下的知识再“过”一遍，然后是大搞题海战术、模拟考试、猜测试题。结果，使尽一切招数，升学率却年年依旧，似乎一切都到了极限。看来，只有把高、高二圆（节选）</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81e9b9f3ffd09015d464"><li><span class="notion-default">典型题面：把同一个问题换成图、表、实物或符号表达。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81d78765f506de1a0dce"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：同一数学关系可以有不同外壳。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81f2a79feca526099257"><li><span class="notion-default">思维模型：表征转换。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8138ad01f7271d346ece"><li><span class="notion-default">变式生成（举一反三）：图变文字；文字变图；数字变参数；正向题变逆向题。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef816b99effa06e5e30ec5"><li><span class="notion-default">家长教练话术：不要问“答案是多少”，先问“你能换一种方式表示它吗？”</span></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3842931bceef81168584e5c73b54f17c" data-id="3842931bceef81168584e5c73b54f17c"><span><div id="3842931bceef81168584e5c73b54f17c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3842931bceef81168584e5c73b54f17c" title="举一反三映射卡"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">举一反三映射卡</span></span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef810f9bf1f6abff35b18e"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：数量关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81859a0cc74138fea11d"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：单位/变量关系 变式生成（举一反三）：改总量、份数、单位或参数 家长提示：每题追问条件变化后的模型是否还成立，避免只刷表面题型。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef81809c10db46581ae7e6"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：图形关系</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81fb9f54f8dd666656ff"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：数形结合 变式生成（举一反三）：实物-图形-符号三种表达互换 家长提示：先画出来，再说图里哪一部分对应题目条件。</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3842931bceef8188a95bcce6a7ecdd9c"><li><span class="notion-default">题面本质：条件变化</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3842931bceef81bfab1bfb511aca4c20"><span class="notion-default">思维模型：分类讨论 变式生成（举一反三）：增删一个条件，观察解法是否改变 家长提示：让孩子说清楚“什么时候用这一招”。</span></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[📚 七年级下数学：平行线、旋转、坐标与面积错题分析]]></title>
            <link>https://edu.52byte.com/article/grade7-parallel-line-rotation-coordinate-area-error-analysis-20260213</link>
            <guid>https://edu.52byte.com/article/grade7-parallel-line-rotation-coordinate-area-error-analysis-20260213</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[七年级学生掌握平行线、旋转、坐标与面积运算的易错点，对应人教版七下数学期末复习]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-37e2931bceef8185b238e1a00822f70e"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-37e2931bceef8146aa93d17e70984e68" data-id="37e2931bceef8146aa93d17e70984e68"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8146aa93d17e70984e68" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8146aa93d17e70984e68" title="期末复习错题辅导笔记：平行线、旋转、坐标与面积"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">期末复习错题辅导笔记：平行线、旋转、坐标与面积</span></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef815a9f70c29abb5f8f74"><span class="notion-default">参考资料：</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">2026春七下数学人教版期末复习——55个常用解题方法.pdf</code></span><span class="notion-default"> 题图：</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">1781339853918..jpg</code></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span class="notion-default"><code class="notion-inline-code">1781339853909..jpg</code></span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81738cb0fd5199c0854b" data-id="37e2931bceef81738cb0fd5199c0854b"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81738cb0fd5199c0854b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81738cb0fd5199c0854b" title="本页要点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">本页要点</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef818e92b6de9385c59aa5"><span class="notion-default">这份笔记整理两类七年级下数学期末复习常见题：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81509245f464b09da819" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>平行线与角度综合题</b></span><span class="notion-default">：通过作平行辅助线、角平分线设元、旋转角度方程，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，以及 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81c6a7e6ecf82fe664a4" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>平面直角坐标系综合题</b></span><span class="notion-default">：通过二次根式有意义、坐标平移、直线交点和三角形面积公式，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef816f8d8ddfa4184bacb6"><span class="notion-default">整理方式：先看题型和方法，再分步骤讲解，最后列出容易出错的地方。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef815da597f279f1a75064" data-id="37e2931bceef815da597f279f1a75064"><span><div id="37e2931bceef815da597f279f1a75064" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef815da597f279f1a75064" title="答案速览"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">答案速览</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81bc824fd7de1690ccd9"><span class="notion-default">| 题号 | 核心题型 | 关键方法 | 最终答案 | |---|---|---|---| | 23（1） | 平行线证明角相等 | 作平行辅助线，拆角比较 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 23（2） | 角平分线数量关系 | 设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 23（3） | 双射线旋转平行 | 方向角差列方程 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒 | | 24（1） | 二次根式求坐标 | 被开方数同时非负 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 24（2） | 坐标平移与交点 | 平移点坐标，求直线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴交点 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> | | 24（3） | 面积存在性 | 设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，列面积方程 | </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> |</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81c2b43fd221b4ed85f9" data-id="37e2931bceef81c2b43fd221b4ed85f9"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81c2b43fd221b4ed85f9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81c2b43fd221b4ed85f9" title="适合回答的问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">适合回答的问题</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811bbac8eb1ed7061672"><span class="notion-default">本文可以直接回答这些问题：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81afb24cd2014e52b7bc"><li><span class="notion-default">七年级平行线综合题中，如何证明两个分散位置的角相等？</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81129caad0d59c22a533"><li><span class="notion-default">遇到角平分线和外角时，怎样设元求 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的关系？</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef819d9e22cf6b6c93980a"><li><span class="notion-default">两条射线同时旋转，什么时候平行，怎样列时间方程？</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81c39191d539b6d280a5"><li><span class="notion-default">坐标题中，怎样由 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 判断 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">？</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef8180a8a8cd52b32b3729"><li><span class="notion-default">坐标平移后，怎样求点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和面积条件下的点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">？</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8169bfc1d480703b61ec"><span class="notion-default">本解析按“三名初中数学教师交叉验证”的方式整理：</span></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef817b9dc1ed47724f8de6"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：负责识别题意与选择方法；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81e6a634c5e3a1a34e03"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：负责独立计算与推理；</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81f59a4ef57ef08bfdca"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：负责检查易错点、答案范围和表达是否适合七年级学生。</span></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81d3b50cf377ab6226a2"><span class="notion-default">核心思路不是只写答案，而是让学生学会：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-37e2931bceef81e79236eebbc0f23f12"><div><span class="notion-default">看到一种题型时，知道该用什么方法、为什么这样做、下一步该算什么。</span></div></blockquote><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef810990a4c59b5d391a5e"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef8106b087fd0989d7501a" data-id="37e2931bceef8106b087fd0989d7501a"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8106b087fd0989d7501a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8106b087fd0989d7501a" title="一、可对应的常用解题方法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">一、可对应的常用解题方法</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81749868c08561435125"><span class="notion-default">从 PDF 中可对应到以下方法：</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81daad53e0b362a0bc5f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>平行线中的“三线八角”识别方法</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8159ba5fda6378541a2b"><span class="notion-default">学会从复杂图形中分离出截线、被截线，识别同位角、内错角、同旁内角。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8197992cc7d9fe754a66" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>“分离法”确定复杂图形中的三线八角</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ed9bb3cd2cb85cbbba"><span class="notion-default">遇到多个点、多个角混在一起时，先把局部三条线单独拿出来分析。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef819981b5fa515111e6ef" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>画平行线的步骤</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ea9741d34c2d77d31b"><span class="notion-default">当角分散在不同顶点时，过关键点作已知直线的平行线，把角转移到同一种方向上。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81f7905dccdd037874fb" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>由角的数量关系判定平行线的方法</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81b99c8df984b447a246"><span class="notion-default">用同位角相等、内错角相等、同旁内角互补来判断或利用平行。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81bca0dbfe223c6f2e1a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>坐标平面内图形平移的步骤</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81248e06f5d4712dd853"><span class="notion-default">明确平移方向和距离，找关键点，写出平移后对应点坐标。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81ec8136f3890cbee2ae" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default"><b>平面直角坐标系中求图形面积的方法</b></span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8189a3b3dbabf47c8709"><span class="notion-default">规则图形用面积公式，不规则图形可转化；坐标题中常用“底 × 高 ÷ 2”或坐标面积公式。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef81ee9c1af602ca82d2ca"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-37e2931bceef81cba7f0f815a91e23e7" data-id="37e2931bceef81cba7f0f815a91e23e7"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81cba7f0f815a91e23e7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81cba7f0f815a91e23e7" title="题 23：平行线、角平分线与旋转问题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题 23：平行线、角平分线与旋转问题</span></span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-37e2931bceef815291d6d6f4c29e2b08"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img src="https://img.52byte.com/math_image/1781339853918..jpg?spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;t=37e2931b-ceef-8152-91d6-d6f4c29e2b08" alt="题图23" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><span class="notion-default">题图23</span></figcaption></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81fdbec4d3ba3f166c06" data-id="37e2931bceef81fdbec4d3ba3f166c06"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81fdbec4d3ba3f166c06" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81fdbec4d3ba3f166c06" title="题目整理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题目整理</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef814e88c8df20b5c652cf"><span class="notion-default">已知：</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分别是直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上的点，且</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811f8bebef685b158df9"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是平面内两个动点。</span></div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef819da856dbafe8533858" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">如图 1，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在两条直线之间，若</span></li></ol><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef819487aef3ef112c962b"><span class="notion-default">证明：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81b5b7d0d5b908497e6e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">如图 2，作直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 下方，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 之间，连接 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的角平分线交于点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。探究：</span></li></ol><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8164be28f63cf4266221" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">如图 3，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上。射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 绕点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 以每秒 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的速度逆时针旋转；射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 旋转 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒后开始绕点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 以每秒 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的速度顺时针旋转。射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 旋转 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 后两条射线同时停止。设射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 旋转 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒时，</span></li></ol><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef817db34cefa55eb8a17b"><span class="notion-default">直接写出 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的值。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef81288392edb74b01e813"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef819ba906f194098384d4" data-id="37e2931bceef819ba906f194098384d4"><span><div id="37e2931bceef819ba906f194098384d4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef819ba906f194098384d4" title="第 1 问：解题思路：用平行线拆角"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 1 问：解题思路：用平行线拆角</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81e49c47d93dc7f42ed5" data-id="37e2931bceef81e49c47d93dc7f42ed5"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81e49c47d93dc7f42ed5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81e49c47d93dc7f42ed5" title="学会识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ad859dfac7a26a2a93"><span class="notion-default">题中有：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8190ad9fe76bfa10a19c"><span class="notion-default">但 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 不在同一个顶点上，所以不能直接比较。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef810b86f8cc65e48f953a"><span class="notion-default">这时要想到 PDF 中的方法：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-37e2931bceef81f4ab1ce1a7ff58b447"><div><span class="notion-default"><b>画平行线，把分散的角搬到同一种方向上。</b></span></div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef810682d0e3e546889f12" data-id="37e2931bceef810682d0e3e546889f12"><span><div id="37e2931bceef810682d0e3e546889f12" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef810682d0e3e546889f12" title="学会怎么做"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会怎么做</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81548f20e8ef53f193c9"><span class="notion-default">过点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 分别作 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的平行线，也就是作与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都平行的辅助线。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8168bd36cc919edcdff7"><span class="notion-default">设：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811aa809c1ddde9b6899"><span class="notion-default">由于辅助线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 平行，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以看成：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81458112d36ce4bbc6bd"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以看成：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8192bcb2c5515b62cd01"><span class="notion-default">题目已知：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef813e97a0d67a97463d84"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81c9bb7fdc64f1666848"><span class="notion-default">两边同时减去相同的中间角，得到：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81028fc6d208b20eaaab"><span class="notion-default">因此：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef816fb697cfe3d6386328" data-id="37e2931bceef816fb697cfe3d6386328"><span><div id="37e2931bceef816fb697cfe3d6386328" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef816fb697cfe3d6386328" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81da844ed654c7468793"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认本问核心是“平行线转移角”。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef8184bf67eef2ca356ede"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：检查辅助线作法后，两个角都多出同一个中间角。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81cc9cfcc8e30d166d91"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：提醒学生不要直接说“平行所以相等”，必须说明角是怎样被拆开的。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef813ea964f899c254f9d2"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81ae9233d538637c126d" data-id="37e2931bceef81ae9233d538637c126d"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81ae9233d538637c126d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81ae9233d538637c126d" title="第 2 问：解题思路：用角平分线设元"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 2 问：解题思路：用角平分线设元</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef8139a67ee36b8a6563b7" data-id="37e2931bceef8139a67ee36b8a6563b7"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8139a67ee36b8a6563b7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8139a67ee36b8a6563b7" title="学会识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ada1eddb3519dbd1eb"><span class="notion-default">题目给出两个角平分线：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef817b815cc8abf1ca819f"><span class="notion-default">遇到角平分线，最自然的方法是设它分出来的小角。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8126a157f41d4c18bf91"><span class="notion-default">设：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81a0a6c1c342932a9394"><span class="notion-default">于是：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81bea90bdb52483e9759" data-id="37e2931bceef81bea90bdb52483e9759"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81bea90bdb52483e9759" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81bea90bdb52483e9759" title="学会把外角转成内角"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会把外角转成内角</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81e68436d7396b281e57"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在同一直线上，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 处的外角。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81139e4cd0f1e3dcb716"><span class="notion-default">所以三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的内角：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8129b6f7ebe67a81c51c"><span class="notion-default">在三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef819b8a36fbf2ea271c81" data-id="37e2931bceef819b8a36fbf2ea271c81"><span><div id="37e2931bceef819b8a36fbf2ea271c81" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef819b8a36fbf2ea271c81" title="学会再看三角形 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会再看三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81848f83d9fb2673e74c"><span class="notion-default">在三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8141a6c7efb1ae78125d"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是反向延长线，所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef819f8f1ec71055294e8f"><span class="notion-default">因此：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81c89742e1d321671edf"><span class="notion-default">于是：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef815a857ef37b07158e2e"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81b1b290eb4aa8f9fa5d"><span class="notion-default">也可以写成：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81ac9cd2d4a636e411bf" data-id="37e2931bceef81ac9cd2d4a636e411bf"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81ac9cd2d4a636e411bf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81ac9cd2d4a636e411bf" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81d28e50dddf8c7abc62"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是最简洁的方法。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81c0a16ff0c4bce62f2f"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：检查 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是外角，不能误当成三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的内角。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81f2ba1fe6d0945ad29d"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：确认最终关系是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，不是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef81b0bed2de1f22824c32"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81108245e9803203d811" data-id="37e2931bceef81108245e9803203d811"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81108245e9803203d811" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81108245e9803203d811" title="第 3 问：解题思路：把旋转转成角度方程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 3 问：解题思路：把旋转转成角度方程</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef8162961ff569edbb782a" data-id="37e2931bceef8162961ff569edbb782a"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8162961ff569edbb782a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8162961ff569edbb782a" title="学会识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81339a13f70a3d9f128b"><span class="notion-default">这是运动题，但本质不是画很多图，而是建立“角度随时间变化”的关系。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8106991dc130953abac1"><span class="notion-default">PDF 中对应的思路是：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-37e2931bceef8145b3c6ff930769bb29"><div><span class="notion-default">从位置关系转化为数量关系。 平行的本质是两条射线方向相同或相反，也就是方向角相差 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的整数倍。</span></div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef8135883ae716863a5ee3" data-id="37e2931bceef8135883ae716863a5ee3"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8135883ae716863a5ee3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8135883ae716863a5ee3" title="学会列角度变化"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会列角度变化</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81f3a6f4e0ce535428bd"><span class="notion-default">射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 开始旋转时，射线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 已经先旋转了 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef812c8056e8ad49a6275e"><span class="notion-default">所以此时 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 已经转过：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef810eb1e4cdf5ad53eadd"><span class="notion-default">设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 旋转了 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef813bb266c7fa66423d4b"><span class="notion-default">则 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 又继续旋转了 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 从最初位置起共转过：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8114ab22f14214c1ae9a"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 顺时针旋转了：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81428e1be52e377f05d8"><span class="notion-default">开始时 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在同一直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，方向相反，可以看作方向差为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef818ba041f51cc367ecf4"><span class="notion-default">之后一个逆时针转，一个顺时针转，方向差变为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef816390d9ddd907de69e7"><span class="notion-default">即：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef810e849ee7895b98e3b3"><span class="notion-default">两射线平行时，方向差可以是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8193b890d861da95172f"><span class="notion-default">第一种：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8186a07eef63ba8094e2"><span class="notion-default">解得：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef816b9f7afc318f324134"><span class="notion-default">第二种：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81c1b5e2d8022a88dabd"><span class="notion-default">解得：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8185bf97df2e03dd9db0"><span class="notion-default">又因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 总共旋转 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，速度为每秒 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以最多旋转：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81779e0cd239db9f6cde"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒之间，符合题意。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef815db03fc49713b65c6e"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef810f83addb31d5323601" data-id="37e2931bceef810f83addb31d5323601"><span><div id="37e2931bceef810f83addb31d5323601" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef810f83addb31d5323601" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef8189a272ff15d8811c4e"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是从 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 开始旋转时计时，不是从 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 开始计时。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef811cbdfbf1d0545e2945"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：检查 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的提前量是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef815fa180ef4d1a4ca3b3"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：检查停止时间是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒，因此两个答案都有效。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef8154bb46ecba2b5a2439"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-37e2931bceef81828918d2a1d4963aaf" data-id="37e2931bceef81828918d2a1d4963aaf"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81828918d2a1d4963aaf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81828918d2a1d4963aaf" title="题 24：坐标、平移与面积存在性"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题 24：坐标、平移与面积存在性</span></span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-37e2931bceef8153a6bddfef9c7b34a7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img src="https://img.52byte.com/math_image/1781339853909..jpg?spaceId=a7665675-4512-44d2-84c9-ff41cd0b23df&amp;t=37e2931b-ceef-8153-a6bd-dfef9c7b34a7" alt="题图24" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption"><span class="notion-default">题图24</span></figcaption></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81ef980aef6100dc83c0" data-id="37e2931bceef81ef980aef6100dc83c0"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81ef980aef6100dc83c0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81ef980aef6100dc83c0" title="题目整理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题目整理</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef819a8b19dea05d65b126"><span class="notion-default">在平面直角坐标系中，点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 满足：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef818c9c7cf570b89ac8e7" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">直接写出点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的坐标；</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8143ac43c56b7a6cf3c6" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">如图，将线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 沿 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴向右平移 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 个单位长度后得到线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 对应。在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上取点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，连接 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 并延长交 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴于点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。若 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，求点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的坐标；</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8130b325fd59b27e785b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">在第 2 问条件下，</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上是否存在点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，使</span></li></ol><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81189174c0930769a74a"><span class="notion-default">若存在，求出点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的坐标；若不存在，说明理由。</span></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef8148930ed00580f81d02"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef814f92dacfe8e9168fdd" data-id="37e2931bceef814f92dacfe8e9168fdd"><span><div id="37e2931bceef814f92dacfe8e9168fdd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef814f92dacfe8e9168fdd" title="第 1 问：解题思路：从根式有意义确定坐标"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 1 问：解题思路：从根式有意义确定坐标</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef8120b806dfb7d7520663" data-id="37e2931bceef8120b806dfb7d7520663"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8120b806dfb7d7520663" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8120b806dfb7d7520663" title="学会识别"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会识别</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81948281db0392f0e2f4"><span class="notion-default">看到：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81b4aa14e0723a3baa6f"><span class="notion-default">要先想到：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-37e2931bceef8191a310ecaca7c9e280"><div><span class="notion-default">二次根式有意义，被开方数必须大于或等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef814ca32ef018ebaac35d"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81f498bac52176553344"><span class="notion-default">即：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8131a52de94f0b172622"><span class="notion-default">因此：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81afb97cff148d703a32"><span class="notion-default">代入原式：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef815bbbc5eeabf6f271f3"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef814fadd6f04f12949428" data-id="37e2931bceef814fadd6f04f12949428"><span><div id="37e2931bceef814fadd6f04f12949428" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef814fadd6f04f12949428" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef817fb69ecd6a3fc2fec8"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认两个根式条件必须同时满足。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef811db5b2f02d95d43251"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 只能等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，不能取一个范围。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81fb9189d5a0f9da05d4"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef812d9dfede2cda8bd358"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef812bac96c5aa6eaf73b5" data-id="37e2931bceef812bac96c5aa6eaf73b5"><span><div id="37e2931bceef812bac96c5aa6eaf73b5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef812bac96c5aa6eaf73b5" title="第 2 问：解题思路：用平移求点，再用直线求交点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 2 问：解题思路：用平移求点，再用直线求交点</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81dc80f1d3b49ee1c9aa" data-id="37e2931bceef81dc80f1d3b49ee1c9aa"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81dc80f1d3b49ee1c9aa" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81dc80f1d3b49ee1c9aa" title="学会平移点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会平移点</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ee88bfdd5243251d4f"><span class="notion-default">线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 沿 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴向右平移 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 个单位。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81dbbd4aca097b32e91b"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 对应点：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef814d9309e79d79edf0f6"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 对应点：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81faaf1efc97f6f8144c"><span class="notion-default">这一步对应 PDF 中的方法：</span></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-default notion-block-37e2931bceef81e3a3a0c654acf20520"><div><span class="notion-default">坐标平面内图形平移：向右平移，横坐标加 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，纵坐标不变。</span></div></blockquote><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81df9ae8cb3c055b5708" data-id="37e2931bceef81df9ae8cb3c055b5708"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81df9ae8cb3c055b5708" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81df9ae8cb3c055b5708" title="学会求点 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会求点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8130af81cd396428d227"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上，且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef815daa25d78d1c98e4c2"><span class="notion-default">直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 经过：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8186a712f7085f47f9d1"><span class="notion-default">斜率为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8199bb0ed0f395b0341c"><span class="notion-default">所以直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 可以写成：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81818d1fe876517ad682"><span class="notion-default">因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的纵坐标是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81e3a47be5ba390425f7"><span class="notion-default">解得：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef818d8df4cd687ab2f0dc"><span class="notion-default">因此：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef816696b7c480cf4f56de" data-id="37e2931bceef816696b7c480cf4f56de"><span><div id="37e2931bceef816696b7c480cf4f56de" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef816696b7c480cf4f56de" title="学会求点 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会求点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8111a365e84fe1e4b2b9"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴的交点。</span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81869df0d88df2f11989"><span class="notion-default">直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 经过：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811c97cffa0b52663c44"><span class="notion-default">斜率为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef819ebdfffb8efc8e59ab"><span class="notion-default">所以直线 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的方程为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef810791e5cffbd374ff44"><span class="notion-default">整理得：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8196b08bfb02039c9208"><span class="notion-default">点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef816eb3addeb08a0cbaef"><span class="notion-default">因此：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef817f9aeec9b326cb9241" data-id="37e2931bceef817f9aeec9b326cb9241"><span><div id="37e2931bceef817f9aeec9b326cb9241" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef817f9aeec9b326cb9241" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81c6910bf9f4ede91e8c"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认平移后 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 正确。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef814f9275f019c886780d"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在线段 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 上。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef818da19ae90645eabc02"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是延长线与 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴交点。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef81afbd32c0e3719f5025"/><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81a8884be9ff39a04c45" data-id="37e2931bceef81a8884be9ff39a04c45"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81a8884be9ff39a04c45" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81a8884be9ff39a04c45" title="第 3 问：解题思路：用面积公式判断存在性"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">第 3 问：解题思路：用面积公式判断存在性</span></span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef8122b3accf10cff49b43" data-id="37e2931bceef8122b3accf10cff49b43"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8122b3accf10cff49b43" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8122b3accf10cff49b43" title="学会设点"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会设点</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8136b069f00ffe0bc367"><span class="notion-default">因为点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上，设：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8136b462c110587c62dd"><span class="notion-default">已知：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef817da3e9ccc5de1b69e1" data-id="37e2931bceef817da3e9ccc5de1b69e1"><span><div id="37e2931bceef817da3e9ccc5de1b69e1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef817da3e9ccc5de1b69e1" title="学会用坐标面积公式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">学会用坐标面积公式</span></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81e0aa92fea255a79d19"><span class="notion-default">三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的面积为：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8153bffff2545775fb28"><span class="notion-default">代入：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81ebb948ebeb1c6d0cbf"><span class="notion-default">题目要求：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81e8a5f4f87afdcc840c"><span class="notion-default">所以：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef816ea619f51841e16829"><span class="notion-default">解得：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811c8174c36cdd03d42d"><span class="notion-default">所以存在点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，且有两个：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-37e2931bceef81699a67fc1ff30151c0" data-id="37e2931bceef81699a67fc1ff30151c0"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81699a67fc1ff30151c0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81699a67fc1ff30151c0" title="三师交叉验证"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">三师交叉验证</span></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef812dbd04d2a48c788c2a"><li><span class="notion-default">教师甲：确认 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在整个 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上，不限于某条线段。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef815a9bcaf17bdfa8580a"><li><span class="notion-default">教师乙：用坐标面积公式验算，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-37e2931bceef81ed9512c6dce81c1bab"><li><span class="notion-default">教师丙：确认两个解都满足面积为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以都保留。</span></li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef8104929af7aebeb5ffc3"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-37e2931bceef81468c0dd6349b1a7e2f" data-id="37e2931bceef81468c0dd6349b1a7e2f"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81468c0dd6349b1a7e2f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81468c0dd6349b1a7e2f" title="总结：这两类题要学会什么"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">总结：这两类题要学会什么</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef818598efc750d3ac0f91" data-id="37e2931bceef818598efc750d3ac0f91"><span><div id="37e2931bceef818598efc750d3ac0f91" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef818598efc750d3ac0f91" title="题 23 的方法总结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题 23 的方法总结</span></span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8118b8a0ea7297d180e8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到平行线，学会用同位角、内错角、同旁内角转移角。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81e394f1dbd652615a96" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">角不在同一个点时，学会作平行辅助线。</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef815f9b8fe5ea8e0f7445" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到角平分线，学会设小角为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81c88bc5dbe3d890bf76" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到旋转，学会把运动过程转化为角度方程。</span></li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81f7b3a3cae565cf9cf3" data-id="37e2931bceef81f7b3a3cae565cf9cf3"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81f7b3a3cae565cf9cf3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81f7b3a3cae565cf9cf3" title="题 24 的方法总结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">题 24 的方法总结</span></span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81409d7ed5f1511bc6fa" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到二次根式，先写有意义条件。</span></li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8149946afe4557819310" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到平移，关键点坐标按方向和距离改变。</span></li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef8193bc67f0f72467f3af" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到点在线段上，可以先求所在直线的关系式。</span></li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81a9a2f4fa395cf6275c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">看到面积存在性，设未知点，用面积公式列方程。</span></li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-37e2931bceef81ef8703d407278ee487" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><span class="notion-default">题目没有限制点在某段线段上时，不能随便舍去另一个解。</span></li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81e29578e0ad0aa0eb60"><span class="notion-default">最终答案：</span></div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-37e2931bceef81bba9eccd510133bfb6"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-37e2931bceef816fa94bd291da9f85ad" data-id="37e2931bceef816fa94bd291da9f85ad"><span><div id="37e2931bceef816fa94bd291da9f85ad" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef816fa94bd291da9f85ad" title="常见问题整理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">常见问题整理</span></span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef811c8d7ef1de1294b1b0" data-id="37e2931bceef811c8d7ef1de1294b1b0"><span><div id="37e2931bceef811c8d7ef1de1294b1b0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef811c8d7ef1de1294b1b0" title="Q1：七年级平行线角度题，角不在同一个顶点怎么办？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q1：七年级平行线角度题，角不在同一个顶点怎么办？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef811688b2e978103a73d0"><span class="notion-default">答：优先想到“作平行辅助线”。过关键点作与已知平行线平行的直线，把分散在不同位置的角转移到同一种方向上，再利用同位角、内错角或同旁内角关系比较。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81a0aa6efebf8399ff47" data-id="37e2931bceef81a0aa6efebf8399ff47"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81a0aa6efebf8399ff47" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81a0aa6efebf8399ff47" title="Q2：为什么题 23 第 2 问是 ？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q2：为什么题 23 第 2 问是 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81328d72c7c26cc53ef5"><span class="notion-default">答：设角平分线分得的小角为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。由角平分线得 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">、</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 是外角，所以可推出 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。再在三角形 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 中求得 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，因此 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81a5ae60ee7b5f113814" data-id="37e2931bceef81a5ae60ee7b5f113814"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81a5ae60ee7b5f113814" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81a5ae60ee7b5f113814" title="Q3：旋转平行问题为什么有两个时间答案？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q3：旋转平行问题为什么有两个时间答案？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef8143a409cb551df41bda"><span class="notion-default">答：两条射线平行时，方向角差可以相差 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的整数倍。本题中方向差为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，分别令它等于 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒。两个时间都在 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 的 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 秒旋转范围内，所以都成立。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef8171bfa9f32acb6a008b" data-id="37e2931bceef8171bfa9f32acb6a008b"><span><div id="37e2931bceef8171bfa9f32acb6a008b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef8171bfa9f32acb6a008b" title="Q4：题 24 中为什么 ？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q4：题 24 中为什么 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef810c9779d217073fd71d"><span class="notion-default">答：因为 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都要有意义，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 且 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，只能得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。代入原式得 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81aab697c5da2d143708" data-id="37e2931bceef81aab697c5da2d143708"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81aab697c5da2d143708" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81aab697c5da2d143708" title="Q5：面积条件下为什么点  有两个？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q5：面积条件下为什么点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 有两个？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef813d8bf6f0ba02de1c75"><span class="notion-default">答：点 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 在整个 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 轴上，不限于某条线段。设 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，由坐标面积公式得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">。令 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，得到 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 或 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default">，所以 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 和 </span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span class="notion-default"> 都满足条件。</span></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-37e2931bceef81ae9f18e1bd1c0decbe" data-id="37e2931bceef81ae9f18e1bd1c0decbe"><span><div id="37e2931bceef81ae9f18e1bd1c0decbe" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#37e2931bceef81ae9f18e1bd1c0decbe" title="Q6：这两道错题复盘时最应该记住什么？"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><span class="notion-default">Q6：这两道错题复盘时最应该记住什么？</span></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-37e2931bceef81eb9a61cd77a1c3e1c8"><span class="notion-default">答：题 23 记住“平行线搬角、角平分线设元、旋转列角度方程”；题 24 记住“根式先看有意义、平移先找对应点、面积存在性先设点再列方程”。</span></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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